Optogenetic regulation of transcription

Optogenetics has become widely recognized for its success in real-time control of brain neurons by utilizing non-mammalian photosensitive proteins to open or close membrane channels. Here we review a less well...

Authors: Oksana Polesskaya, Ancha Baranova, Sarah Bui, Nikolai Kondratev, Evgeniya Kananykhina, Olga Nazarenko, Tatyana Shapiro, Frances Barg Nardia, Vladimir Kornienko, Vikas Chandhoke, Istvan Stadler, Raymond Lanzafame and Max Myakishev-Rempel

Haplotype analysis of APOE intragenic SNPs

APOE ε4 allele is most common genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cognitive decline. However, it remains poorly understood why only some carriers of APOE ε4 develop AD and how ethnic variabilitie...

Authors: Vladimir N. Babenko, Dmitry A. Afonnikov, Elena V. Ignatieva, Anton V. Klimov, Fedor E. Gusev and Evgeny I. Rogaev

Effect of laser Doppler flowmetry and occlusion time on outcome variability and mortality in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion: inconclusive results

Stroke is among the leading causes of death and disability. Although intense research efforts have provided promising treatment options in animals, most clinical trials in humans have failed and the therapeuti...

Authors: Edvin Ingberg, Hua Dock, Elvar Theodorsson, Annette Theodorsson and Jakob O. Ström

The spatio-temporal dynamics of deviance and target detection in the passive and active auditory oddball paradigm: a sLORETA study

Numerous studies have investigated the neural underpinnings of passive and active deviance and target detection in the well-known auditory oddball paradigm by means of event-related potentials (ERPs) or functiona...

Authors: Christoph Justen and Cornelia Herbert

Modulation of the expression of genes related to the system of amyloid-beta metabolism in the brain as a novel mechanism of ceftriaxone neuroprotective properties

The dominant hypothesis about the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the “amyloid cascade” concept and modulating the expression of proteins involved in the metabolism of amyloid-beta (Aβ) is propose...

Authors: Maria A. Tikhonova, Tamara G. Amstislavskaya, Victor M. Belichenko, Larisa A. Fedoseeva, Sergey P. Kovalenko, Ekaterina E. Pisareva, Alla S. Avdeeva, Nataliya G. Kolosova, Nikolai D. Belyaev and Lyubomir I. Aftanas

Novel functional variants at the GWAS-implicated loci might confer risk to major depressive disorder, bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia

A challenge of understanding the mechanisms underlying cognition including neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders is mainly given by the potential severity of cognitive disorders for the quality of ...

Authors: Leonid O. Bryzgalov, Elena E. Korbolina, Ilja I. Brusentsov, Elena Y. Leberfarb, Natalia P. Bondar and Tatiana I. Merkulova

Neuroscience researches at Belyaev conference-2017

Authors: Yuriy L. Orlov, Leonid L. Moroz and Ancha V. Baranova

Association between serum levels of caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18 and early mortality in patients with severe spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

Apoptotic changes after cerebral hemorrhage in brain samples of humans have been found. Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin (CCCK)-18 could be detected in the bloodstream during apoptosis. Higher circulating CCCK-18 l...

Authors: Leonardo Lorente, María M. Martín, Antonia Pérez-Cejas, Luis Ramos, Mónica Argueso, Jordi Solé-Violán, Juan J. Cáceres, Alejandro Jiménez and Victor García-Marín

NCX-DB: a unified resource for integrative analysis of the sodium calcium exchanger super-family

Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchangers are low-affinity high-capacity transporters that mediate Ca²⁺ extrusion by coupling Ca²⁺ efflux to the influx of Na⁺ ions. The Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchangers form a super-family comprised of three branch...

Authors: Katrin Bode and Damien M. O’Halloran

Delayed and repeated intranasal delivery of bone marrow stromal cells increases regeneration and functional recovery after ischemic stroke in mice

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, yet there are limited treatments available. Intranasal administration is a novel non-invasive strategy to deliver cell therapy into the brain. Cell...

Authors: Monica J. Chau, Todd C. Deveau, Xiaohuan Gu, Yo Sup Kim, Yun Xu, Shan Ping Yu and Ling Wei

Magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of cerebrovascular reactivity and its relationship to cognition: a systematic review

Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) refers to the responsiveness of cerebral vasculature to vasoactive stimuli. CVR is an indicator of brain health and can be assessed using vasodilatory techniques and magnetic r...

Authors: Sarah J. Catchlove, Andrew Pipingas, Matthew E. Hughes and Helen Macpherson

Impact of brain arousal and time-on-task on autonomic nervous system activity in the wake-sleep transition

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity has been shown to vary with the state of brain arousal. In a previous study, this association of ANS activity with distinct states of brain arousal was demonstrated usin...

Authors: Jue Huang, Christine Ulke, Christian Sander, Philippe Jawinski, Janek Spada, Ulrich Hegerl and Tilman Hensch

27-Hydroxycholesterol increases α-synuclein protein levels through proteasomal inhibition in human dopaminergic neurons

Accumulation of the α-synuclein (α-syn) protein is a hallmark of a group of brain disorders collectively known as synucleinopathies. The mechanisms responsible for α-syn accumulation are not well understood. S...

Authors: Jared Schommer, Gurdeep Marwarha, Trevor Schommer, Travis Flick, Jonah Lund and Othman Ghribi

Chronic oxycodone induces axonal degeneration in rat brain

Chronic opioid therapy for non-malignant pain conditions has significantly increased over the last 15 years. Recently, the correlation between opioid analgesics and alternations in brain structure, such as leu...

Authors: Ruping Fan, Lisa M. Schrott, Thomas Arnold, Stephen Snelling, Meghana Rao, Derrel Graham, Angela Cornelius and Nadejda L. Korneeva

Dissecting the pathobiology of altered MRI signal in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A post mortem whole brain sampling strategy for the integration of ultra-high-field MRI and quantitative neuropathology

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a clinically and histopathologically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder, in which therapy is hindered by the rapid progression of disease and lack of biomarkers. Ma...

Authors: Menuka Pallebage-Gamarallage, Sean Foxley, Ricarda A. L. Menke, Istvan N. Huszar, Mark Jenkinson, Benjamin C. Tendler, Chaoyue Wang, Saad Jbabdi, Martin R. Turner, Karla L. Miller and Olaf Ansorge

Neuroprotective dobutamine treatment upregulates superoxide dismutase 3, anti-oxidant and survival genes and attenuates genes mediating inflammation

Labor subjects the fetus to an hypoxic episode and concomitant adrenomodullary catecholamine surge that may provide protection against the hypoxic insult. The beta1-adrenergic agonist dobutamine protects again...

Authors: Tina Markus, David Ley, Stefan R. Hansson, Tadeusz Wieloch and Karsten Ruscher

Normal sleep bouts are not essential for C. elegans survival and FoxO is important for compensatory changes in sleep

Sleep deprivation impairs learning, causes stress, and can lead to death. Notch and JNK-1 pathways impact C. elegans sleep in complex ways; these have been hypothesized to involve compensatory sleep. C. elegans D...

Authors: Heather L. Bennett, Yulia Khoruzhik, Dustin Hayden, Huiyan Huang, Jarred Sanders, Melissa B. Walsh, David Biron and Anne C. Hart

AxonTracer: a novel ImageJ plugin for automated quantification of axon regeneration in spinal cord tissue

Quantification of axon regeneration in spinal cord tissue sections is a fundamental step to adequately determine if an applied treatment leads to an anatomical benefit following spinal cord injury. Recent adva...

Authors: Akash Patel, Zhongzhi Li, Philip Canete, Hans Strobl, Jennifer Dulin, Ken Kadoya, Dan Gibbs and Gunnar H. D. Poplawski

Metabolomics analysis of serum in a rat heroin self-administration model undergoing reinforcement based on ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra

Understanding the process of relapse to abused drugs and ultimately developing treatments that can reduce the incidence of relapse remains the primary goal for the study of substance dependence. Therefore, exp...

Authors: Tingting Ning, Changlong Leng, Lin Chen, Baomiao Ma and Xiaokang Gong

Solid lipid curcumin particles provide greater anti-amyloid, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects than curcumin in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Neuroinflammation and the presence of amyloid beta protein (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles are key pathologies in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As a potent anti-amyloid and anti-inflammatory natural polyphenol, c...

Authors: Panchanan Maiti, Leela Paladugu and Gary L. Dunbar

Modelling physiological and pathological conditions to study pericyte biology in brain function and dysfunction

Brain pericytes ensheathe the endothelium and contribute to formation and maintenance of the blood–brain-barrier. Additionally, pericytes are involved in several aspects of the CNS immune response including sc...

Authors: Justin Rustenhoven, Leon C. Smyth, Deidre Jansson, Patrick Schweder, Miranda Aalderink, Emma L. Scotter, Edward W. Mee, Richard L. M. Faull, Thomas I.-H. Park and Mike Dragunow

Characterisation of Zika virus infection in primary human astrocytes

The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak has linked ZIKV with microcephaly and other central nervous system pathologies in humans. Astrocytes are among the first cells to respond to ZIKV infection in the brain an...

Authors: Michal Stefanik, Petra Formanova, Tomas Bily, Marie Vancova, Ludek Eyer, Martin Palus, Jiri Salat, Carla Torres Braconi, Paolo M. de A. Zanotto, Ernest A. Gould and Daniel Ruzek

Evaluation of reference genes for gene expression studies in mouse and N2a cell ischemic stroke models using quantitative real-time PCR

Real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a critical tool for evaluating the levels of mRNA transcribed from genes. Reliable RT-qPCR results largely depend on normaliz...

Authors: Yingbo Kang, Zhuomin Wu, De Cai and Binger Lu

Intraventricular infusion of clusterin ameliorated cognition and pathology in Tg6799 model of Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in brain parenchyma and cerebral blood vessels as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Clusterin, a chaperon protein associated with ...

Authors: Xue-Mei Qi, Cheng Wang, Xing-Kun Chu, Gen Li and Jian-Fang Ma

Emerging roles for microRNA in the regulation of Drosophila circadian clock

The circadian clock, which operates within an approximately 24-h period, is closely linked to the survival and fitness of almost all living organisms. The circadian clock is generated through a negative transc...

Authors: Yongbo Xue and Yong Zhang