Articles

Myelination is delayed during postnatal brain development in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy

In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the loss of the dystrophin component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) compromises plasma membrane integrity in skeletal muscle, resulting in extensive muscle d...

Authors: Azeez Aranmolate, Nathaniel Tse and Holly Colognato

Specific ion channels contribute to key elements of pathology during secondary degeneration following neurotrauma

Following partial injury to the central nervous system, cells beyond the initial injury site undergo secondary degeneration, exacerbating loss of neurons, compact myelin and function. Changes in Ca²⁺ flux are ass...

Authors: Ryan L. O’Hare Doig, Wissam Chiha, Marcus K. Giacci, Nathanael J. Yates, Carole A. Bartlett, Nicole M. Smith, Stuart I. Hodgetts, Alan R. Harvey and Melinda Fitzgerald

A CLCA regulatory protein present in the chemosensory cilia of olfactory sensory neurons induces a Ca²⁺-activated Cl⁻ current when transfected into HEK293

CLCA is a family of metalloproteases that regulate Ca²⁺-activated Cl⁻ fluxes in epithelial tissues. In HEK293 cells, CLCA1 promotes membrane expression of an endogenous Anoctamin 1 (ANO1, also termed TMEM16A)-dep...

Authors: Casilda V. Mura, Ricardo Delgado, María Graciela Delgado, Diego Restrepo and Juan Bacigalupo

Sesamin protects SH-SY5Y cells against mechanical stretch injury and promoting cell survival

Sesamin is a well-known antioxidant extracted from sesame seeds that exhibits various curative effects. The present study investigated whether sesamin would protect neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against mechanic...

Authors: Zhiming Xu, Yingliang Liu, Dianxu Yang, Fang Yuan, Jun Ding, Hao Chen and Hengli Tian

Neuroplasticity pathways and protein-interaction networks are modulated by vortioxetine in rodents

The identification of biomarkers that predict susceptibility to major depressive disorder and treatment response to antidepressants is a major challenge. Vortioxetine is a novel multimodal antidepressant that ...

Authors: Jessica A. Waller, Sara Holm Nygaard, Yan Li, Kristian Gaarn du Jardin, Joseph A. Tamm, Aicha Abdourahman, Betina Elfving, Alan L. Pehrson, Connie Sánchez and Rasmus Wernersson

Immunocytochemistry and fluorescence imaging efficiently identify individual neurons with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption in primary cortical cultures

CRISPR/Cas9 system is a powerful method to investigate the role of genes by introducing a mutation selectively and efficiently to specific genome positions in cell and animal lines. However, in primary neuron...

Authors: Hiroto Tsunematsu, Akiko Uyeda, Nobuhiko Yamamoto and Noriyuki Sugo

Difference in the functional connectivity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex between smokers with nicotine dependence and individuals with internet gaming disorder

It has been reported that internet gaming disorder (IGD) and smokers with nicotine dependence (SND) share clinical characteristics, such as over-engagement despite negative consequences and cravings. This stud...

Authors: Xin Ge, Yawen Sun, Xu Han, Yao Wang, Weina Ding, Mengqiu Cao, Yasong Du, Jianrong Xu and Yan Zhou

Regeneration of long-distance peripheral nerve defects after delayed reconstruction in healthy and diabetic rats is supported by immunomodulatory chitosan nerve guides

Delayed reconstruction of transection or laceration injuries of peripheral nerves is inflicted by a reduced regeneration capacity. Diabetic conditions, more frequently encountered in clinical practice, are kno...

Authors: Lena Stenberg, Maria Stößel, Giulia Ronchi, Stefano Geuna, Yaobin Yin, Susanne Mommert, Lisa Mårtensson, Jennifer Metzen, Claudia Grothe, Lars B. Dahlin and Kirsten Haastert-Talini

Hippocampus and amygdala radiomic biomarkers for the study of autism spectrum disorder

Emerging evidence suggests the presence of neuroanatomical abnormalities in subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Identifying anatomical correlates could thus prove useful for the automated diagnosis o...

Authors: Ahmad Chaddad, Christian Desrosiers, Lama Hassan and Camel Tanougast

Iron oxide nanoparticles may damage to the neural tissue through iron accumulation, oxidative stress, and protein aggregation

In the recent decade, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been proposed for several applications in the central nervous system (CNS), including targeting amyloid beta (Aβ) in the arteries, inhibiting the mic...

Authors: Zahra Yarjanli, Kamran Ghaedi, Abolghasem Esmaeili, Soheila Rahgozar and Ali Zarrabi

The order of complexity of visuomotor learning

Learning algorithms come in three orders of complexity: zeroth-order (perturbation), first-order (gradient descent), and second-order (e.g., quasi-Newton). But which of these are used in the brain? We trained ...

Authors: John Kim, Fariya Mostafa and Douglas Blair Tweed

Investigating the impact of electrical stimulation temporal distribution on cortical network responses

The brain is continuously targeted by a wealth of stimuli with complex spatio-temporal patterns and has presumably evolved in order to cope with those inputs in an optimal way. Previous studies investigating t...

Authors: Francesca Scarsi, Jacopo Tessadori, Michela Chiappalone and Valentina Pasquale

White matter damage and systemic inflammation in Parkinson’s disease

Systemic inflammation and white matter (WM) alterations have been noted as effects of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study sought to evaluate WM integrity in PD patients using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) an...

Authors: Pi-Ling Chiang, Hsiu-Ling Chen, Cheng-Hsien Lu, Pei-Chin Chen, Meng-Hsiang Chen, I.-Hsiao Yang, Nai-Wen Tsai and Wei-Che Lin

Lateral cortical Cdca7 expression levels are regulated by Pax6 and influence the production of intermediate progenitors

We studied whether regulation of Cdca7 (Cell division cycle associated 7) expression by transcription factor Pax6 contributes to Pax6’s cellular actions during corticogenesis. The function of Cdca7 in mediating P...

Authors: Yu-Ting Huang, John O. Mason and David J. Price

SIRT1 ameliorates oxidative stress induced neural cell death and is down-regulated in Parkinson’s disease

Sirtuins (SIRTs) are NAD⁺ dependent lysine deacetylases which are conserved from bacteria to humans and have been associated with longevity and lifespan extension. SIRT1, the best studied mammalian SIRT is invol...

Authors: Preeti Singh, Peter S. Hanson and Christopher M. Morris

Using Kalirin conditional knockout mice to distinguish its role in dopamine receptor mediated behaviors

Mice lacking Kalirin-7 (Kal7^KO), a Rho GDP/GTP exchange factor, self-administer cocaine at a higher rate than wildtype mice, and show an exaggerated locomotor response to experimenter-administered cocaine. Kal7, ...

Authors: Taylor P. LaRese, Yan Yan, Betty A. Eipper and Richard E. Mains

Antagonistic action on NMDA/GluN2B mediated currents of two peptides that were conantokin-G structure-based designed

The GluN2B subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) modulates many physiological processes including learning, memory, and pain. Excessive increase in NMDAr/GluN2B activity has been associated with va...

Authors: Edwin A. Reyes-Guzman, Nohora Vega-Castro, Edgar A. Reyes-Montaño and Esperanza Recio-Pinto

Normobaric hypoxia overnight impairs cognitive reaction time

Impaired reaction time in patients suffering from hypoxia during sleep, caused by sleep breathing disorders, is a well-described phenomenon. High altitude sleep is known to induce periodic breathing with centr...

Authors: Stephan Pramsohler, Stefan Wimmer, Martin Kopp, Hannes Gatterer, Martin Faulhaber, Martin Burtscher and Nikolaus Cristoph Netzer

Astaxanthin protects astrocytes against trauma-induced apoptosis through inhibition of NKCC1 expression via the NF-κB signaling pathway

Astaxanthin (ATX) is a carotenoid pigment with pleiotropic pharmacological properties that is seen as a possible drug for treating cerebral ischemic injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Na⁺–K⁺–2Cl⁻ co-transporter-...

Authors: Mingkun Zhang, Zhenwen Cui, Hua Cui, Yong Wang and Chunlong Zhong

Retraction Note to: Chronic NMDA administration to rats increases brain pro-apoptotic factors while decreasing anti-Apoptotic factors and causes cell death

Authors: Hyung-Wook Kim, Yunyoung C Chang, Mei Chen, Stanley I Rapoport and Jagadeesh S Rao

Retraction Note to: Dose-dependent changes in neuroinflammatory and arachidonic acid cascade markers with synaptic marker loss in rat lipopolysaccharide infusion model of neuroinflammation

Authors: Matthew Kellom, Mireille Basselin, Vasken L Keleshian, Mei Chen, Stanley I Rapoport and Jagadeesh S Rao

Effects of escitalopram and paroxetine on mTORC1 signaling in the rat hippocampus under chronic restraint stress

Recent studies have suggested that the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling may be related to antidepressant action. Therefore, the present study evaluated whether antidepressant drugs ...

Authors: Mi Kyoung Seo, Cheol Min Choi, Roger S. McIntyre, Hye Yeon Cho, Chan Hong Lee, Rodrigo B. Mansur, Yena Lee, Jae-Hon Lee, Young Hoon Kim, Sung Woo Park and Jung Goo Lee

Linoleic acid: Is this the key that unlocks the quantum brain? Insights linking broken symmetries in molecular biology, mood disorders and personalistic emergentism

In this paper we present a mechanistic model that integrates subneuronal structures, namely ion channels, membrane fatty acids, lipid rafts, G proteins and the cytoskeleton in a dynamic system that is finely t...

Authors: Massimo Cocchi, Chiara Minuto, Lucio Tonello, Fabio Gabrielli, Gustav Bernroider, Jack A. Tuszynski, Francesco Cappello and Mark Rasenick

Transcriptional signatures of steroid hormones in the striatal neurons and astrocytes

The mechanisms of steroids actions in the brain mainly involve the binding and nuclear translocation of specific cytoplasmic receptors. These receptors can act as transcription factors and regulate gene expres...

Authors: Marcin Piechota, Michał Korostynski, Slawomir Golda, Joanna Ficek, Danuta Jantas, Ziolkowska Barbara and Ryszard Przewlocki

Effectiveness of conservative interventions for sickness and pain behaviors induced by a high repetition high force upper extremity task

Systemic inflammation is known to induce sickness behaviors, including decreased social interaction and pain. We have reported increased serum inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of repetitive strain injury ...

Authors: D. L. Xin, J. Hadrévi, M. E. Elliott, M. Amin, M. Y. Harris, A. E. Barr-Gillespie and M. F. Barbe

An immunohistochemical, enzymatic, and behavioral study of CD157/BST-1 as a neuroregulator

Recent rodent and human studies provide evidence in support of the fact that CD157, well known as bone marrow stromal cell antigen-1 (BST-1) and a risk factor in Parkinson’s disease, also meaningfully acts in ...

Authors: Haruhiro Higashida, Mingkun Liang, Toru Yoshihara, Shirin Akther, Azam Fakhrul, Cherepanov Stanislav, Tae-Sik Nam, Uh-Hyun Kim, Satoka Kasai, Tomoko Nishimura, Naila Al Mahmuda, Shigeru Yokoyama, Katsuhiko Ishihara, Maria Gerasimenko, Alla Salmina, Jing Zhong…

Spectral-temporal EEG dynamics of speech discrimination processing in infants during sleep

Oddball paradigms are frequently used to study auditory discrimination by comparing event-related potential (ERP) responses from a standard, high probability sound and to a deviant, low probability sound. Prev...

Authors: Phillip M. Gilley, Kristin Uhler, Kaylee Watson and Christine Yoshinaga-Itano

A receptor-based analysis of local ecosystems in the human brain

As a complex system, the brain is a self-organizing entity that depends on local interactions among cells. Its regions (anatomically defined nuclei and areas) can be conceptualized as cellular ecosystems, but ...

Authors: Skirmantas Janušonis

Hypertonic saline attenuates expression of Notch signaling and proinflammatory mediators in activated microglia in experimentally induced cerebral ischemia and hypoxic BV-2 microglia

Ischemic stroke is a major disease that threatens human health in ageing population. Increasing evidence has shown that neuroinflammatory mediators play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemi...

Authors: Wen-Xin Zeng, Yong-Li Han, Gao-Feng Zhu, Lin-Qiang Huang, Yi-Yu Deng, Qiao-Sheng Wang, Wen-Qiang Jiang, Miao-Yun Wen, Qian-Peng Han, Di Xie and Hong-Ke Zeng

Effect of skilled reaching training and enriched environment on generation of oligodendrocytes in the adult sensorimotor cortex and corpus callosum

Increased motor activity or social interactions through enriched environment are strong stimulators of grey and white matter plasticity in the adult rodent brain. In the present study we evaluated whether spe...

Authors: Silke Keiner, Fanny Niv, Susanne Neumann, Tanja Steinbach, Christian Schmeer, Katrin Hornung, Yvonne Schlenker, Martin Förster, Otto W. Witte and Christoph Redecker

Effect of Spp1 on nerve degeneration and regeneration after rat sciatic nerve injury

Wallerian degeneration (WD) in injured peripheral nerves is associated with a large number of up- or down-regulated genes, but the effects of these changes are poorly understood. In our previous studies, we re...

Authors: Xingyu Liu, Yuhua Sun, Huaiqin Li, Yuting Li, Meiyuan Li, Ying Yuan, Shusen Cui and Dengbing Yao

Identifying the appropriate time for deep brain stimulation to achieve spatial memory improvement on the Morris water maze

The possibility of using deep brain stimulation (DBS) for memory enhancement has recently been reported, but the precise underlying mechanisms of its effects remain unknown. Our previous study suggested that s...

Authors: Da Un Jeong, Jihyeon Lee, Won Seok Chang and Jin Woo Chang

Experience-dependent modulation of alpha and beta during action observation and motor imagery

EEG studies investigating the neural networks that facilitate action observation (AO) and kinaesthetic motor imagery (KMI) have shown reduced, or desynchronized, power in the alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (13–30 Hz...

Authors: Paula M. Di Nota, Julie M. Chartrand, Gabriella R. Levkov, Rodrigo Montefusco-Siegmund and Joseph F. X. DeSouza

Upregulation of the endothelin A (ET_A) receptor and its association with neurodegeneration in a rodent model of glaucoma

Primary open angle glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of optic neuropathies that results in optic nerve degeneration and a loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) ultimately causing blindness if allowed to progre...

Authors: Nolan R. McGrady, Alena Z. Minton, Dorota L. Stankowska, Shaoqing He, Hayden B. Jefferies and Raghu R. Krishnamoorthy

EEG correlates of working memory performance in females

The study investigates oscillatory brain activity during working memory (WM) tasks. The tasks employed varied in two dimensions. First, they differed in complexity from average to highly demanding. Second, we ...

Authors: Yuri G. Pavlov and Boris Kotchoubey

Quantitative analysis of axon collaterals of single pyramidal cells of the anterior piriform cortex of the guinea pig

The role of the piriform cortex (PC) in olfactory information processing remains largely unknown. The anterior part of the piriform cortex (APC) has been the focus of cortical-level studies of olfactory codin...

Authors: Junli Yang, Gerhard Litscher, Zhongren Sun, Qiang Tang, Kiyoshi Kishi, Satoko Oda, Masaaki Takayanagi, Zemin Sheng, Yang Liu, Wenhai Guo, Ting Zhang, Lu Wang, Ingrid Gaischek, Daniela Litscher, Irmgard Th. Lippe and Masaru Kuroda

Sleep/wake movement velocities, trajectories and micro-arousals during maturation in rats

Sleep is regulated by two main processes. The circadian process provides a 24-h rhythm and the homeostatic process reflects sleep pressure, which increases in the course of wakefulness and decreases during s...

Authors: Gideon Gradwohl, Nadja Olini and Reto Huber

A noninvasive optical approach for assessing chloride extrusion activity of the K–Cl cotransporter KCC2 in neuronal cells

Cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) are indispensable for maintaining chloride homeostasis in multiple cell types, but K–Cl cotransporter KCC2 is the only CCC member with an exclusively neuronal expression i...

Authors: Anastasia Ludwig, Claudio Rivera and Pavel Uvarov

Early start of progressive motor deficits in Line 61 α-synuclein transgenic mice

Synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease or multiple system atrophy are characterized by Lewy bodies in distinct brain areas. These aggregates are mainly formed by α-synuclein inclusions, a protein crucia...

Authors: R. Rabl, C. Breitschaedel, S. Flunkert, S. Duller, D. Amschl, J. Neddens, V. Niederkofler, E. Rockenstein, E. Masliah, H. Roemer and B. Hutter-Paier

Evoked potentials and behavioral performance during different states of brain arousal

Previous studies compared evoked potentials (EPs) between several sleep stages but only one uniform wake state. However, using electroencephalography (EEG), several arousal states can be distinguished before s...

Authors: Jue Huang, Tilman Hensch, Christine Ulke, Christian Sander, Janek Spada, Philippe Jawinski and Ulrich Hegerl

TDP-43 protein variants as biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

TDP-43 aggregates accumulate in individuals affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases, representing potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Using an atomic forc...

Authors: Stephanie M. Williams, Galam Khan, Brent T. Harris, John Ravits and Michael R. Sierks

The effect of omega-3 fatty acids on central nervous system remyelination in fat-1 mice

There is a large body of experimental evidence suggesting that omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are capable of modulating immune function. Some studies have shown that these PUFAs might have ...

Authors: Elise Siegert, Friedemann Paul, Michael Rothe and Karsten H. Weylandt

Application of hairless mouse strain to bioluminescence imaging of Arc expression in mouse brain

Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a powerful technique for monitoring the temporal and spatial dynamics of gene expression in the mouse brain. However, the black fur, skin pigmentation and hair regrowth after d...

Authors: Hironori Izumi, Tetsuya Ishimoto, Hiroshi Yamamoto and Hisashi Mori

Erratum to: High-fat diet-induced obesity exacerbates kainic acid-induced hippocampal cell death

Authors: Dong Ho Kang, Rok Won Heo, Chin-ok Yi, Hwajin Kim, Chang Hwa Choi and Gu Seob Roh

Erratum to: A mitochondrial division inhibitor, Mdivi-1, inhibits mitochondrial fragmentation and attenuates kainic acid-induced hippocampal cell death

Authors: Hwajin Kim, Jong Youl Lee, Keon Jae Park, Won-Ho Kim and Gu Seob Roh

Selenium suppresses glutamate-induced cell death and prevents mitochondrial morphological dynamic alterations in hippocampal HT22 neuronal cells

Previous studies have indicated that selenium supplementation may be beneficial in neuroprotection against glutamate-induced cell damage, in which mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a major pathogenic fea...

Authors: Yan-Mei Ma, Gordon Ibeanu, Li-Yao Wang, Jian-Zhong Zhang, Yue Chang, Jian-Da Dong, P. Andy Li and Li Jing

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors activate the p53 signaling pathway in neural stem/progenitor cells

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), which catalyzes poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of proteins by using NAD⁺ as a substrate, plays a key role in several nuclear events, including DNA repair, replication, and transcri...

Authors: Akiko Okuda, Suguru Kurokawa, Masanori Takehashi, Aika Maeda, Katsuya Fukuda, Yukari Kubo, Hyuma Nogusa, Tomoka Takatani-Nakase, Shujiro Okuda, Kunihiro Ueda and Seigo Tanaka

Brain metabolic pattern analysis using a magnetic resonance spectra classification software in experimental stroke

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides non-invasive information about the metabolic pattern of the brain parenchyma in vivo. The SpectraClassifier software performs MRS pattern-recognition by determin...

Authors: Elena Jiménez-Xarrié, Myriam Davila, Ana Paula Candiota, Raquel Delgado-Mederos, Sandra Ortega-Martorell, Margarida Julià-Sapé, Carles Arús and Joan Martí-Fàbregas

Genistein protects against Aβ_25–35 induced apoptosis of PC12 cells through JNK signaling and modulation of Bcl-2 family messengers

Deposition of aggregated amyloid beta (Aβ) protein is hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease, leading to dysfunction and apoptosis of neurons. The isoflavone phytoestrogen compound genistein (Gen) exerts a significan...

Authors: Fuling You, Qiao Li, Guifang Jin, Yaojie Zheng, Jingrong Chen and Hong Yang

CX₃C chemokine receptor 1 deficiency modulates microglia morphology but does not affect lesion size and short-term deficits after experimental stroke

The fractalkine/CX₃C chemokine receptor 1 (CX₃CR1) pathway has been identified to play an essential role in the chemotaxis of microglia, leukocyte trafficking and microglia/macrophage recruitment. It has also bee...

Authors: Gerlinde van der Maten, Vivien Henck, Tadeusz Wieloch and Karsten Ruscher