Articles

Normobaric hypoxia overnight impairs cognitive reaction time

Impaired reaction time in patients suffering from hypoxia during sleep, caused by sleep breathing disorders, is a well-described phenomenon. High altitude sleep is known to induce periodic breathing with centr...

Authors: Stephan Pramsohler, Stefan Wimmer, Martin Kopp, Hannes Gatterer, Martin Faulhaber, Martin Burtscher and Nikolaus Cristoph Netzer

Astaxanthin protects astrocytes against trauma-induced apoptosis through inhibition of NKCC1 expression via the NF-κB signaling pathway

Astaxanthin (ATX) is a carotenoid pigment with pleiotropic pharmacological properties that is seen as a possible drug for treating cerebral ischemic injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Na⁺–K⁺–2Cl⁻ co-transporter-...

Authors: Mingkun Zhang, Zhenwen Cui, Hua Cui, Yong Wang and Chunlong Zhong

Retraction Note to: Chronic NMDA administration to rats increases brain pro-apoptotic factors while decreasing anti-Apoptotic factors and causes cell death

Authors: Hyung-Wook Kim, Yunyoung C Chang, Mei Chen, Stanley I Rapoport and Jagadeesh S Rao

Retraction Note to: Dose-dependent changes in neuroinflammatory and arachidonic acid cascade markers with synaptic marker loss in rat lipopolysaccharide infusion model of neuroinflammation

Authors: Matthew Kellom, Mireille Basselin, Vasken L Keleshian, Mei Chen, Stanley I Rapoport and Jagadeesh S Rao

Effects of escitalopram and paroxetine on mTORC1 signaling in the rat hippocampus under chronic restraint stress

Recent studies have suggested that the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling may be related to antidepressant action. Therefore, the present study evaluated whether antidepressant drugs ...

Authors: Mi Kyoung Seo, Cheol Min Choi, Roger S. McIntyre, Hye Yeon Cho, Chan Hong Lee, Rodrigo B. Mansur, Yena Lee, Jae-Hon Lee, Young Hoon Kim, Sung Woo Park and Jung Goo Lee

Linoleic acid: Is this the key that unlocks the quantum brain? Insights linking broken symmetries in molecular biology, mood disorders and personalistic emergentism

In this paper we present a mechanistic model that integrates subneuronal structures, namely ion channels, membrane fatty acids, lipid rafts, G proteins and the cytoskeleton in a dynamic system that is finely t...

Authors: Massimo Cocchi, Chiara Minuto, Lucio Tonello, Fabio Gabrielli, Gustav Bernroider, Jack A. Tuszynski, Francesco Cappello and Mark Rasenick

Transcriptional signatures of steroid hormones in the striatal neurons and astrocytes

The mechanisms of steroids actions in the brain mainly involve the binding and nuclear translocation of specific cytoplasmic receptors. These receptors can act as transcription factors and regulate gene expres...

Authors: Marcin Piechota, Michał Korostynski, Slawomir Golda, Joanna Ficek, Danuta Jantas, Ziolkowska Barbara and Ryszard Przewlocki

Effectiveness of conservative interventions for sickness and pain behaviors induced by a high repetition high force upper extremity task

Systemic inflammation is known to induce sickness behaviors, including decreased social interaction and pain. We have reported increased serum inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of repetitive strain injury ...

Authors: D. L. Xin, J. Hadrévi, M. E. Elliott, M. Amin, M. Y. Harris, A. E. Barr-Gillespie and M. F. Barbe

An immunohistochemical, enzymatic, and behavioral study of CD157/BST-1 as a neuroregulator

Recent rodent and human studies provide evidence in support of the fact that CD157, well known as bone marrow stromal cell antigen-1 (BST-1) and a risk factor in Parkinson’s disease, also meaningfully acts in ...

Authors: Haruhiro Higashida, Mingkun Liang, Toru Yoshihara, Shirin Akther, Azam Fakhrul, Cherepanov Stanislav, Tae-Sik Nam, Uh-Hyun Kim, Satoka Kasai, Tomoko Nishimura, Naila Al Mahmuda, Shigeru Yokoyama, Katsuhiko Ishihara, Maria Gerasimenko, Alla Salmina, Jing Zhong…

Spectral-temporal EEG dynamics of speech discrimination processing in infants during sleep

Oddball paradigms are frequently used to study auditory discrimination by comparing event-related potential (ERP) responses from a standard, high probability sound and to a deviant, low probability sound. Prev...

Authors: Phillip M. Gilley, Kristin Uhler, Kaylee Watson and Christine Yoshinaga-Itano

A receptor-based analysis of local ecosystems in the human brain

As a complex system, the brain is a self-organizing entity that depends on local interactions among cells. Its regions (anatomically defined nuclei and areas) can be conceptualized as cellular ecosystems, but ...

Authors: Skirmantas Janušonis

Hypertonic saline attenuates expression of Notch signaling and proinflammatory mediators in activated microglia in experimentally induced cerebral ischemia and hypoxic BV-2 microglia

Ischemic stroke is a major disease that threatens human health in ageing population. Increasing evidence has shown that neuroinflammatory mediators play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemi...

Authors: Wen-Xin Zeng, Yong-Li Han, Gao-Feng Zhu, Lin-Qiang Huang, Yi-Yu Deng, Qiao-Sheng Wang, Wen-Qiang Jiang, Miao-Yun Wen, Qian-Peng Han, Di Xie and Hong-Ke Zeng

Effect of skilled reaching training and enriched environment on generation of oligodendrocytes in the adult sensorimotor cortex and corpus callosum

Increased motor activity or social interactions through enriched environment are strong stimulators of grey and white matter plasticity in the adult rodent brain. In the present study we evaluated whether spe...

Authors: Silke Keiner, Fanny Niv, Susanne Neumann, Tanja Steinbach, Christian Schmeer, Katrin Hornung, Yvonne Schlenker, Martin Förster, Otto W. Witte and Christoph Redecker

Effect of Spp1 on nerve degeneration and regeneration after rat sciatic nerve injury

Wallerian degeneration (WD) in injured peripheral nerves is associated with a large number of up- or down-regulated genes, but the effects of these changes are poorly understood. In our previous studies, we re...

Authors: Xingyu Liu, Yuhua Sun, Huaiqin Li, Yuting Li, Meiyuan Li, Ying Yuan, Shusen Cui and Dengbing Yao

Identifying the appropriate time for deep brain stimulation to achieve spatial memory improvement on the Morris water maze

The possibility of using deep brain stimulation (DBS) for memory enhancement has recently been reported, but the precise underlying mechanisms of its effects remain unknown. Our previous study suggested that s...

Authors: Da Un Jeong, Jihyeon Lee, Won Seok Chang and Jin Woo Chang

Experience-dependent modulation of alpha and beta during action observation and motor imagery

EEG studies investigating the neural networks that facilitate action observation (AO) and kinaesthetic motor imagery (KMI) have shown reduced, or desynchronized, power in the alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (13–30 Hz...

Authors: Paula M. Di Nota, Julie M. Chartrand, Gabriella R. Levkov, Rodrigo Montefusco-Siegmund and Joseph F. X. DeSouza

Upregulation of the endothelin A (ET_A) receptor and its association with neurodegeneration in a rodent model of glaucoma

Primary open angle glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of optic neuropathies that results in optic nerve degeneration and a loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) ultimately causing blindness if allowed to progre...

Authors: Nolan R. McGrady, Alena Z. Minton, Dorota L. Stankowska, Shaoqing He, Hayden B. Jefferies and Raghu R. Krishnamoorthy

EEG correlates of working memory performance in females

The study investigates oscillatory brain activity during working memory (WM) tasks. The tasks employed varied in two dimensions. First, they differed in complexity from average to highly demanding. Second, we ...

Authors: Yuri G. Pavlov and Boris Kotchoubey

Quantitative analysis of axon collaterals of single pyramidal cells of the anterior piriform cortex of the guinea pig

The role of the piriform cortex (PC) in olfactory information processing remains largely unknown. The anterior part of the piriform cortex (APC) has been the focus of cortical-level studies of olfactory codin...

Authors: Junli Yang, Gerhard Litscher, Zhongren Sun, Qiang Tang, Kiyoshi Kishi, Satoko Oda, Masaaki Takayanagi, Zemin Sheng, Yang Liu, Wenhai Guo, Ting Zhang, Lu Wang, Ingrid Gaischek, Daniela Litscher, Irmgard Th. Lippe and Masaru Kuroda

Sleep/wake movement velocities, trajectories and micro-arousals during maturation in rats

Sleep is regulated by two main processes. The circadian process provides a 24-h rhythm and the homeostatic process reflects sleep pressure, which increases in the course of wakefulness and decreases during s...

Authors: Gideon Gradwohl, Nadja Olini and Reto Huber

A noninvasive optical approach for assessing chloride extrusion activity of the K–Cl cotransporter KCC2 in neuronal cells

Cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) are indispensable for maintaining chloride homeostasis in multiple cell types, but K–Cl cotransporter KCC2 is the only CCC member with an exclusively neuronal expression i...

Authors: Anastasia Ludwig, Claudio Rivera and Pavel Uvarov

Early start of progressive motor deficits in Line 61 α-synuclein transgenic mice

Synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease or multiple system atrophy are characterized by Lewy bodies in distinct brain areas. These aggregates are mainly formed by α-synuclein inclusions, a protein crucia...

Authors: R. Rabl, C. Breitschaedel, S. Flunkert, S. Duller, D. Amschl, J. Neddens, V. Niederkofler, E. Rockenstein, E. Masliah, H. Roemer and B. Hutter-Paier

Evoked potentials and behavioral performance during different states of brain arousal

Previous studies compared evoked potentials (EPs) between several sleep stages but only one uniform wake state. However, using electroencephalography (EEG), several arousal states can be distinguished before s...

Authors: Jue Huang, Tilman Hensch, Christine Ulke, Christian Sander, Janek Spada, Philippe Jawinski and Ulrich Hegerl

TDP-43 protein variants as biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

TDP-43 aggregates accumulate in individuals affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases, representing potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Using an atomic forc...

Authors: Stephanie M. Williams, Galam Khan, Brent T. Harris, John Ravits and Michael R. Sierks

The effect of omega-3 fatty acids on central nervous system remyelination in fat-1 mice

There is a large body of experimental evidence suggesting that omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are capable of modulating immune function. Some studies have shown that these PUFAs might have ...

Authors: Elise Siegert, Friedemann Paul, Michael Rothe and Karsten H. Weylandt

Application of hairless mouse strain to bioluminescence imaging of Arc expression in mouse brain

Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a powerful technique for monitoring the temporal and spatial dynamics of gene expression in the mouse brain. However, the black fur, skin pigmentation and hair regrowth after d...

Authors: Hironori Izumi, Tetsuya Ishimoto, Hiroshi Yamamoto and Hisashi Mori

Erratum to: High-fat diet-induced obesity exacerbates kainic acid-induced hippocampal cell death

Authors: Dong Ho Kang, Rok Won Heo, Chin-ok Yi, Hwajin Kim, Chang Hwa Choi and Gu Seob Roh

Erratum to: A mitochondrial division inhibitor, Mdivi-1, inhibits mitochondrial fragmentation and attenuates kainic acid-induced hippocampal cell death

Authors: Hwajin Kim, Jong Youl Lee, Keon Jae Park, Won-Ho Kim and Gu Seob Roh

Selenium suppresses glutamate-induced cell death and prevents mitochondrial morphological dynamic alterations in hippocampal HT22 neuronal cells

Previous studies have indicated that selenium supplementation may be beneficial in neuroprotection against glutamate-induced cell damage, in which mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a major pathogenic fea...

Authors: Yan-Mei Ma, Gordon Ibeanu, Li-Yao Wang, Jian-Zhong Zhang, Yue Chang, Jian-Da Dong, P. Andy Li and Li Jing

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors activate the p53 signaling pathway in neural stem/progenitor cells

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), which catalyzes poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of proteins by using NAD⁺ as a substrate, plays a key role in several nuclear events, including DNA repair, replication, and transcri...

Authors: Akiko Okuda, Suguru Kurokawa, Masanori Takehashi, Aika Maeda, Katsuya Fukuda, Yukari Kubo, Hyuma Nogusa, Tomoka Takatani-Nakase, Shujiro Okuda, Kunihiro Ueda and Seigo Tanaka

Brain metabolic pattern analysis using a magnetic resonance spectra classification software in experimental stroke

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides non-invasive information about the metabolic pattern of the brain parenchyma in vivo. The SpectraClassifier software performs MRS pattern-recognition by determin...

Authors: Elena Jiménez-Xarrié, Myriam Davila, Ana Paula Candiota, Raquel Delgado-Mederos, Sandra Ortega-Martorell, Margarida Julià-Sapé, Carles Arús and Joan Martí-Fàbregas

Genistein protects against Aβ_25–35 induced apoptosis of PC12 cells through JNK signaling and modulation of Bcl-2 family messengers

Deposition of aggregated amyloid beta (Aβ) protein is hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease, leading to dysfunction and apoptosis of neurons. The isoflavone phytoestrogen compound genistein (Gen) exerts a significan...

Authors: Fuling You, Qiao Li, Guifang Jin, Yaojie Zheng, Jingrong Chen and Hong Yang

CX₃C chemokine receptor 1 deficiency modulates microglia morphology but does not affect lesion size and short-term deficits after experimental stroke

The fractalkine/CX₃C chemokine receptor 1 (CX₃CR1) pathway has been identified to play an essential role in the chemotaxis of microglia, leukocyte trafficking and microglia/macrophage recruitment. It has also bee...

Authors: Gerlinde van der Maten, Vivien Henck, Tadeusz Wieloch and Karsten Ruscher

Hemodynamic effects of intraoperative anesthetics administration in photothrombotic stroke model: a study using laser speckle imaging

Previous neuroimaging studies have shown the hemodynamic effect of either preconditioning or postconditioning anesthesia in ischemic stroke model. However, the anesthetic effect in hemodynamics during and imm...

Authors: Hongyang Lu, Yao Li, Bin Bo, Lu Yuan, Xiaodan Lu, Hangdao Li and Shanbao Tong

Proteomic analyses of limbic regions in neonatal male, female and androgen receptor knockout mice

It is well-established that organizational effects of sex steroids during early development are fundamental for sex-typical displays of, for example, mating and aggressive behaviors in rodents and other specie...

Authors: Anna Zettergren, Sara Karlsson, Erik Studer, Anna Sarvimäki, Petronella Kettunen, Annika Thorsell, Carina Sihlbom and Lars Westberg

Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by ultraviolet light is not mediated by isomerization of urocanic acid

Ultraviolet B irradiation confers strong resistance against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model of multiple sclerosis. This protection by ultraviolet B is independent of vitamin D production but...

Authors: Amy A. Irving, Steven J. Marling, Lori A. Plum and Hector F. DeLuca

Immunization with neural derived peptides plus scar removal induces a permissive microenvironment, and improves locomotor recovery after chronic spinal cord injury

Immunization with neural derived peptides (INDP) as well as scar removal—separately—have shown to induce morphological and functional improvement after spinal cord injury (SCI). In the present study, we compar...

Authors: Roxana Rodríguez-Barrera, Adrián Flores-Romero, Ana María Fernández-Presas, Elisa García-Vences, Raúl Silva-García, Mina Konigsberg, Liliana Blancas-Espinoza, Vinnitsa Buzoianu-Anguiano, Karla Soria-Zavala, Paola Suárez-Meade and Antonio Ibarra

Important modifications by sugammadex, a modified γ-cyclodextrin, of ion currents in differentiated NSC-34 neuronal cells

Sugammadex (SGX) is a modified γ-cyclodextrin used for reversal of steroidal neuromuscular blocking agents during general anesthesia. Despite its application in clinical use, whether SGX treatment exerts any e...

Authors: Hung-Te Hsu, Yi-Ching Lo, Yan-Ming Huang, Yu-Ting Tseng and Sheng-Nan Wu

The variability of motor evoked potential latencies in neurosurgical motor mapping by preoperative navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation

Recording of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) is used during navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) motor mapping to locate motor function in the human brain. However, factors potentially underlying ...

Authors: Nico Sollmann, Lucia Bulubas, Noriko Tanigawa, Claus Zimmer, Bernhard Meyer and Sandro M. Krieg

Why does a cooled object feel heavier? Psychophysical investigations into the Weber’s Phenomenon

It has long been known that a concomitantly cooled stimulus is perceived as heavier than the same object at a neutral temperature—termed Weber’s Phenomenon (WP). In the current study, we re-examined this phenomen...

Authors: James S. Dunn, David A. Mahns and Saad S. Nagi

Yawning reduces facial temperature in the high-yawning subline of Sprague-Dawley rats

Yawning is a stereotyped behavior that enhances blood flow to the skull, and the resulting counterflow has been hypothesized as a mechanism for brain cooling. Studies have shown that yawns are strongly associa...

Authors: Jose R. Eguibar, Carlos A. Uribe, Carmen Cortes, Amando Bautista and Andrew C. Gallup

Expertise-related functional brain network efficiency in healthy older adults

In view of age-related brain changes, identifying factors that are associated with healthy aging are of great interest. In the present study, we compared the functional brain network characteristics of three g...

Authors: Julia C. Binder, Ladina Bezzola, Aurea I. S. Haueter, Carina Klein, Jürg Kühnis, Hansruedi Baetschmann and Lutz Jäncke

Neural hyperactivity in the amygdala induced by chronic treatment of rats with analgesics may elucidate the mechanisms underlying psychiatric comorbidities associated with medication-overuse headache

Patients with medication-overuse headache suffer not only from chronic headache, but often from psychiatric comorbidities, such as anxiety and depression. The mechanisms underlying these comorbidities are uncl...

Authors: Aree Wanasuntronwong, Ukkrit Jansri and Anan Srikiatkhachorn

Planar cell polarity genes Frizzled3a, Vangl2, and Scribble are required for spinal commissural axon guidance

A fundamental feature of early nervous system development is the guidance of axonal projections to their targets in order to assemble neural circuits that control behavior. Spinal commissural neurons are an at...

Authors: Simon D. Sun, Ashley M. Purdy and Gregory S. Walsh

Investigating potentially salvageable penumbra tissue in an in vivo model of transient ischemic stroke using sodium, diffusion, and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the current-state-of-the-art technique to clinically investigate acute (0–24 h) ischemic stroke tissue. However, reduced apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)—cons...

Authors: Friedrich Wetterling, Eva Chatzikonstantinou, Laurent Tritschler, Stephen Meairs, Marc Fatar, Lothar R. Schad and Saema Ansar

Molar loss and powder diet leads to memory deficit and modifies the mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus of adult mice

It is known that tooth loss is known to be a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease and soft diet feeding induces memory impairment. Recent studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is asso...

Authors: Yosuke Takeda, Hiroshi Oue, Shinsuke Okada, Akira Kawano, Katsunori Koretake, Makoto Michikawa, Yasumasa Akagawa and Kazuhiro Tsuga

Bone morphogenetic protein-2-mediated pain and inflammation in a rat model of posterolateral arthrodesis

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a pleiotropic, secreted molecule with diverse effects. The potent ability of BMP-2 to stimulate bone growth prompted its widespread clinical use for arthrodesis (spine f...

Authors: Kendall Mitchell, Jill P. Shah, Clifton L. Dalgard, Lyubov V. Tsytsikova, Ashley C. Tipton, Anton E. Dmitriev and Aviva J. Symes

Epigenetic evidence for involvement of the oxytocin receptor gene in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder that affects up to 3% of the general population. Although epigenetic mechanisms play a role in neurodevelopment disorders, epigenet...

Authors: Carolina Cappi, Juliana Belo Diniz, Guaraci L. Requena, Tiaya Lourenço, Bianca Cristina Garcia Lisboa, Marcelo Camargo Batistuzzo, Andrea H. Marques, Marcelo Q. Hoexter, Carlos A. Pereira, Euripedes Constantino Miguel and Helena Brentani

CatWalk gait analysis in a rat model of multiple sclerosis

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a widely used animal model for multiple sclerosis. The characteristic feature of the MOG-EAE model in Brown...

Authors: Sabine Herold, Prateek Kumar, Klaus Jung, Irina Graf, Henrike Menkhoff, Xenia Schulz, Mathias Bähr and Katharina Hein

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) regulates α-synuclein clearance in microglia

α-Synuclein (αSYN) has been genetically implicated in familial and sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD), and is associated with disease susceptibility, progression and pathology. Excess amounts of αSYN are toxic ...

Authors: Tatsunori Maekawa, Toshikuni Sasaoka, Sadahiro Azuma, Takafumi Ichikawa, Heather L. Melrose, Matthew J. Farrer and Fumiya Obata