Skip to main content
Fig. 4 | BMC Neuroscience

Fig. 4

From: Chronic, acute and protocol-dependent effects of exercise on psycho-physiological health during long-term isolation and confinement

Fig. 4

Results of growth factors BDNF (a), IGF-1 (b), and VEGF (c). Chronic effects over TIME are displayed on the left, exercise PROTOCOL effects in the middle, and acuteEXERCISE effect on the right. Means are indicated in black line or bar graphs, female individuals are shown in red shades, male individuals in blue shades. TIME effects are presented for assessments during baseline data collection (BDC), during isolation (ISO1-4), and during the recovery phase (R). For exercise PROTOCOL effects comparing interval (INT, stripped bars) and continuous (CON, full bars) protocols, the mean at the beginning (INT1, CON1) and end (INT2, CON2) of each protocol is displayed. AcuteEXERCISE effects from pre- (light grey) to post-exercise (dark grey) are shown. Error bars indicate standard deviation. Significant differences are indicated by *

Back to article page

BMC Neuroscience

ISSN: 1471-2202

Contact us