Rifaximin modulates TRH and TRH-like peptide expression throughout the brain and peripheral tissues of male rats

Pekary, Albert Eugene; Sattin, Albert

doi:10.1186/s12868-022-00694-z

BMC Neuroscience

Table 2 Effect of acute (AC), chronic (CHR) and withdrawal (WD) treatments with oral rifaximin on TRH and TRH-like peptide levels in brain regions of male rats (pg)

From: Rifaximin modulates TRH and TRH-like peptide expression throughout the brain and peripheral tissues of male rats

Frontal cortex	Glu-TRH	Peak 2	TRH	Val-TRH	Tyr-TRH	Leu-TRH	Phe-TRH	Trp-TRH
CON	80 ± 16	815 ± 156	1954 ± 207	1496 ± 307	3556 ± 580	1857 ± 696	1924 ± 327	736 ± 161
AC	494 ± 101**	945 ± 180	1598 ± 169	876 ± 180	1577 ± 257*	868 ± 326	1132 ± 192	521 ± 114
CHR	188 ± 39	1143 ± 218	1867 ± 198	1485 ± 304	4283 ± 698	1761 ± 660	1487 ± 253	837 ± 183
WD	395 ± 81*	874 ± 167	1310 ± 139	285 ± 59*	1515 ± 247*	904 ± 339	1087 ± 185	369 ± 81
Hypothalamus
CON	657 ± 217	1771 ± 638	38,509 ± 12,323	0	0	1706 ± 699	999 ± 430	616 ± 172
AC	638 ± 211	1690 ± 608	34,863 ± 11,156	0	0	1368 ± 561	1138 ± 489	436 ± 122
CHR	644 ± 213	1914 ± 689	41,487 ± 13,276	0	0	1811 ± 743	943 ± 405	371 ± 104
WD	841 ± 278	3983 ± 1434	28,634 ± 9163	0	0	1549 ± 635	1104 ± 475	915 ± 256
Amygdala
CON	597 ± 169	1347 ± 180	513 ± 23	1312 ± 125	1543 ± 262	8408 ± 2262	1591 ± 248	1344 ± 285
AC	324 ± 92	575 ± 77	1055 ± 47	980 ± 93	830 ± 141	7736 ± 2081	896 ± 140	378 ± 80*
CHR	782 ± 221	467 ± 63	1580 ± 71*	1234 ± 117	685 ± 116	9188 ± 2472	1961 ± 306	1131 ± 240
WD	410 ± 116	284 ± 38*	1012 ± 46	757 ± 72	1245 ± 212	5476 ± 1473	632 ± 99	973 ± 206
Hippocampus
CON	183 ± 34	1959 ± 402	2561 ± 597	1248 ± 124	3691 ± 993	957 ± 257	2457 ± 383	1251 ± 133
AC	562 ± 103*	1097 ± 225	1349 ± 314	808 ± 80	4410 ± 1186	1536 ± 413	1188 ± 185	690 ± 73
CHR	266 ± 49	1545 ± 317	2023 ± 471	1821 ± 180	4980 ± 1340	1930 ± 519	1343 ± 210	1167 ± 124
WD	103 ± 19	1033 ± 212	1842 ± 429	1761 ± 174	8267 ± 2224	2000 ± 538	1516 ± 236	1379 ± 146
Piriform cortex
CON	609 ± 121	860 ± 127	1324 ± 207	1100 ± 155	4284 ± 878	1576 ± 345	1856 ± 380	1203 ± 383
AC	360 ± 71	1464 ± 217	0	2872 ± 405*	1055 ± 216*	822 ± 180	592 ± 121*	256 ± 81*
CHR	131 ± 26*	515 ± 76	1104 ± 172	584 ± 82	2821 ± 578	824 ± 180	865 ± 177	359 ± 114*
WD	235 ± 47	176 ± 26	1268 ± 198	888 ± 125	2921 ± 599	967 ± 212	610 ± 125*	203 ± 65*
Nucleus accumbens
CON	787 ± 83	3731 ± 302	17,232 ± 2188	0	0	1385 ± 392	1437 ± 162	583 ± 111
AC	506 ± 54	1673 ± 136	12,653 ± 1607	0	0	948 ± 268	768 ± 87	300 ± 57
CHR	394 ± 42	1304 ± 106*	5570 ± 707*	0	0	861 ± 244	627 ± 71	445 ± 85
WD	88 ± 9**	486 ± 39*	3792 ± 482*	0	0	162 ± 46	207 ± 23*	95 ± 18*
Entorhinal cortex
CON	63 ± 13	436 ± 38	903 ± 121	652 ± 83	3511 ± 572	1497 ± 222	1461 ± 346	581 ± 86
AC	214 ± 45	657 ± 58	749 ± 100	803 ± 102	1770 ± 289	816 ± 121	656 ± 155	397 ± 59
CHR	244 ± 52	1275 ± 112*	2017 ± 270	1052 ± 134	3271 ± 533	1913 ± 283	1052 ± 249	1005 ± 149
WD	312 ± 66*	1269 ± 112*	1613 ± 216	1661 ± 211	6523 ± 1063	1763 ± 261	1424 ± 337	940 ± 139
Striatum
CON	1724 ± 207	1992 ± 294	667 ± 66	1448 ± 226	983 ± 153	9623 ± 1155	2316 ± 113	2363 ± 250
AC	534 ± 64	1565 ± 232	1522 ± 151	1280 ± 200	2642 ± 412	9292 ± 1115	1071 ± 52	1373 ± 145
CHR	2718 ± 326	401 ± 59*	1781 ± 176	764 ± 119	2205 ± 344	14,840 ± 1781	2720 ± 133	1459 ± 155
WD	2091 ± 251	717 ± 106*	2916 ± 289*	1983 ± 309	1227 ± 191	14,663 ± 1760	2086 ± 102	2154 ± 228
Medulla oblongata
CON	2187 ± 372	492 ± 45	5377 ± 645	28,807 ± 3860	1555 ± 308	1908 ± 500	12,443 ± 2551	2087 ± 399
AC	3269 ± 556	347 ± 32	2263 ± 272*	1709 ± 229***	58,005 ± 11,485*	2335 ± 612	2087 ± 428**	915 ± 175*
CHR	4269 ± 726	1562 ± 144*	1293 ± 155**	1938 ± 260***	47,265 ± 9359*	2390 ± 626	2133 ± 437**	715 ± 137*
WD	1916 ± 326	172 ± 16	1550 ± 186**	1967 ± 264***	38,788 ± 7680*	1147 ± 301	1312 ± 269**	355 ± 68**
Cerebellum
CON	1636 ± 128	332 ± 24	3747 ± 502	2328 ± 247	11,040 ± 1557	3041 ± 988	2845 ± 321	2064 ± 584
AC	1539 ± 120	559 ± 40	2461 ± 330	2118 ± 225	10,117 ± 1426	2070 ± 673	1881 ± 213	1004 ± 284
CHR	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
WD	2200 ± 172	1020 ± 72	4710 ± 631	2070 ± 219	10,320 ± 1455	2220 ± 722	5660 ± 640	1480 ± 419

Anterior	Cingulate
CON	313 ± 31	2352 ± 315	684 ± 150	579 ± 115	1769 ± 276	993 ± 337	997 ± 254	385 ± 76
AC	178 ± 18	545 ± 73*	895 ± 196	1055 ± 209	1945 ± 303	666 ± 226	544 ± 139	240 ± 48
CHR	202 ± 20	776 ± 104	1076 ± 236	750 ± 149	2009 ± 313	722 ± 245	934 ± 238	586 ± 116
WD	207 ± 20	398 ± 53**	700 ± 153	536 ± 106	1387 ± 216	200 ± 68	663 ± 169	223 ± 44

Posterior	Cingulate
CON	27 ± 6	521 ± 100	1967 ± 209	912 ± 187	4697 ± 766	1676 ± 629	1217 ± 207	353 ± 77
AC	138 ± 28*	944 ± 180	1319 ± 140	885 ± 181	3286 ± 536	976 ± 366	950 ± 162	943 ± 207
CHR	197 ± 40*	1486 ± 284	1659 ± 176	1093 ± 224	4470 ± 729	1465 ± 549	1151 ± 196	753 ± 165
WD	116 ± 24	1403 ± 268	1616 ± 172	1818 ± 373	13,661 ± 2227	1776 ± 666	1870 ± 318	676 ± 148

All results are mean ± SD
^*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.002 by one way ANOVA using post hoc Scheffe contrasts versus the control group

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