Fig. 4

tDCS-induced effects on motor slowing. a Decline in tapping frequency for each test block. Values (mean ± SE) are deltas between bin 1 and bin 4 frequency (motor slowing) of left hand (HL), right hand (HR), left foot (FL) and right foot (FR), respectively for before (initial), during, after as well as 30 min after a 20-min tDCS application which is indicated by the red box. Light gray bars represent football players (FB), medium gray bars represent handball players (HB) and dark gray bars represent non-athletes (NA). Solid bars define values for anodal tDCS, corresponding dashed bars indicate values for sham tDCS. Results indicate a significant reduction in motor slowing for left and right FTT during anodal tDCS as compared to sham tDCS. No effect was found for HTT. b tDCS-induced effect on FTT during stimulation. Diagrams include normalized (% of bin 1) tapping frequency values (mean ± SE) of the test block during anodal/sham stimulation of left foot (FL) and right foot (FR), respectively. Light gray lines represent football players (FB), medium gray lines represent handball players (HB) and dark gray lines represent non-athletes (NA). Results indicate a significant reduction in motor slowing for left and right FTT during anodal tDCS as compared to sham tDCS