Fig. 3

Neonatal ketamine (40 mg/kg × 4 injections) exposure did not affect the survival rate of developmentally generated neurons in the hippocampal DG during the adult stage. Experimental protocol (a). The density of developmentally generated neurons in the hippocampal DG coronal sections was not different between the sham and ketamine groups at 2 months. The Y axis “(/um²)” represents the density of NeuN⁺/BrdU⁺ cells in the DG (b). The developmentally generated granule neurons in the hippocampal DG were labeled with primary antibodies against NeuN (Green) and BrdU (Red). The representative images were acquired by using a laser scanning confocal microscope (c; magnification: a and e  ×  20, b–d and f–h  ×  40); the scale bar was 50 μm (a and b). The filled arrows point to the NeuN/BrdU double-labeled cells. Data are presented as the mean ± SD, 5 tissue sections per group. NS  normal saline, GCL granule cell layer, SGZ  subgranular zone, ML molecular layer, PL polymorphic cell layer