Fig. 3

Network findings in the gamma band using persistent brain network homology. a Single-linkage matrices for the control, CRS1W, and CRS3W groups. The increased functional connectivity in the CRS1W group, particularly between the somatosensory and frontal cortices, compared to the control group (P < 0.01 corrected Bonferroni, Kruskal–Wallis test) was not evident in the CRS3W group. b Overlaid barcodes for each group. The CRS1 W group (ε = 0.6827) exhibited a lower final filtration value than the control group (ε = 0.6971), indicating increased global connectivity. However, the network evolution in the CRS3W group is seen to traverse to that of the control group, and a similar final filtration value was observed in the two groups (CRS3W, ε = 0.7000). c Dendrograms with hierarchical clustering of subnetworks. The colors of the lines represent the distance of each connected component to one final component in which all regions are connected together. Decreased functional distance between somatosensory and frontal cortices are evident in the CRS1W group, but not in the CRS3W group. d Brain connectivity maps at filtration values ε = 0.55 and 0.75. The color in the color bar represents the strength of functional distance. The subnetworks between the somatosensory and frontal cortices at ε = 0.55 in the CRS1W group disappeared in the CRS3W group. At ε = 0.75, the CRS1W group showed decreased functional distance (increased functional connectivity) between the somatosensory and frontal cortices, compared to the control group, and this was recovered in the CRS3W group