Skip to main content
Figure 1 | BMC Neuroscience

Figure 1

From: Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract inhibits glutamate-induced cell death through inhibition of calcium signals and nitric oxide formation in cultured rat hippocampal neurons

Figure 1

GSPE inhibits glutamate-induced [Ca2+] i increase in cultured rat hippocampal neurons>. A: Reproducible increase in glutamate-induced [Ca2+]i was induced by treatment with glutamate (100 μM) for 1 min at 30 min intervals. B-F: Pretreatment with GSPE for 5 min inhibited glutamate-induced response in a concentration-dependent manner. G: Plot summarizes the inhibition of GSPE on glutamate-induced [Ca2+]i increase (0.3 μg/ml, n = 15; 1 μg/ml, n = 17; 3 μg/ml, n = 16; 6 μg/ml, n = 21; 10 μg/ml, n = 16). Glutamate-induced response is presented as a percentage of initial glutamate-induced response (peak 2/peak 1) for vehicle and GSPE-pretreated cells. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM.

Back to article page

BMC Neuroscience

ISSN: 1471-2202

Contact us