Fig. 31

The columns show the results of the behavioral experiments before GA (white columns) and after exposure of whole mouth of adult chimpanzees to GA in ice-cream (black columns). We used the six-point behavioral scale to assess chimpanzees’ liking of solutions. The highest score (six points) was given if the animal, after tasting the solution, pulled the cup through the bar, licked it extensively, then shredded it so that the bottom of the cup could be licked, and finally kept the cup or what was left of it. Four points were given if the animal, upon tasting, pulled the cup into the cage, turned it upside down and licked it, but then dropped it. Two points were given if the animal consumed the mixture, pulled the cup into the cage, and finished the solution, but then lost interest. Zero points were given if the animal, after tasting the mixture, did not pull the cup into the cage and did not pay attention to the content. Intermediate points were given for behavior between these four main levels. The error bars show the SE. There are no error bars for fructose because all six animals got a score of 6. N signifies number of animals in each test. The asterisks mark the level of significance: p < 0.05. [34]