Fig. 5

Melatonin attenuated JEV-induced autophagy impairment (A) The protein levels of SQSTM1/p62 and LC3B were examined. (B) SK-N-SH cells were treated with melatonin (100 µM) for 6 h, and then infected with JEV. The protein levels of SQSTM1/p62 and LC3B were analyzed. (C) Bar graph representing the average SQSTM1/p62 protein levels. Values represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5). ***p < 0.001 vs. control. # p < 0.05 vs. JEV. (D) After infection with JEV, the cells were incubated with GFP-LC3B lentivirus at an MOI of 30 for at more than 18 h. Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue) and analyzed using confocal microscopy. (E) Autophagy flux was examined by TEM. Arrowheads designate autophagosomes and arrows designate autolysosomes