Fig. 2

Melatonin attenuated JEV replication and neuronal cell death SK-N-SH cells were pretreated with melatonin (100 µM) for 6 h, and then infected with JEV at an MOI of 5.0 for 1 h. Cells were collected after incubation with fresh media for 24 h. (A) The protein levels of JEV NS3 and phospho-NFκB were assayed via western blot. (B) Bar graph showing the average NS3 protein levels. (C, D) JEV RNA levels in cells and culture media indicated by PCR. (E) Cells were photographed under light microscopy (100x). (F) Viable cells were stained with crystal violet. SK-N-SH cells were pretreated with melatonin (100 µM) for 6 h, and then infected with JEV at an MOI of 5.0 for 1 h. Cells were collected after incubation with fresh media for 96 h. (G) Graphical data showing the OD550 nm from 1% SDS elution with crystal violet stain. Values represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5 [B], 10 [C, D, G]). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. JEV