Metabolomics in severe traumatic brain injury: a scoping review

Fedoruk, Riley Page; Lee, Chel Hee; Banoei, Mohammad Mehdi; Winston, Brent W.

doi:10.1186/s12868-023-00824-1

BMC Neuroscience

Table 1 15 recurrent metabolites (bolded) found indicative of stronger connection to severe traumatic brain injury pathology

From: Metabolomics in severe traumatic brain injury: a scoping review

Metabolite	Sample type	Change identified	Supplemental	Refs.
Octanoic acid
	Serum/Plasma	Increase	Increased as TBI severity increased	Thomas et al. [32]
	Serum/Microdialysate	Increase	Found upregulated in sTBI patients and remained high in most patients	Oresic et al. [33]
Decanoic acid
	Serum/Plasma	Increase	Increased as TBI severity increased	Thomas et al. [32]
	Serum/Microdialysate	Increase	Found upregulated in sTBI patients and remained high in most patients	Oresic et al. [33]
Serine
	Serum/Microdialysate	Decrease	Found downregulated in all TBIs and more strongly in sTBI	Oresic et al. [33]
	Serum/Plasma	Decrease	Found decreased in all TBI patients overall	Thomas et al. [32]
	Serum/Plasma	Decrease	≤ 60% the concentration in jugular blood compared to HC	Wolahan et al. [34]
Inositol/Myo-inositol
Inositol	Serum/Microdialysate	Increase	Found to increase in patients with detectable pathology on a CT scan or the presence of a mass lesion following TBI	Dickens et al. [36]
Myo-inositol	Serum/Plasma	Increase	Found elevated in TBI patients and proportional to differing severity	Thomas et al. [32]
Alanine
	Serum/Microdialysate	Decrease	Found downregulated in all TBIs and more strongly in sTBI	Oresic et al. [33]
	Serum/Plasma	Decrease	Found decreased in TBI patients overall	Thomas et al. [32]
Choline
	Serum/Plasma	Decrease	Significantly reduced in sTBI compared to mTBI and healthy volunteers	Dash et al. [29]
	Serum/Plasma	Increase	Net cerebral release or increase in jugular venous blood	Wolahan et al. [34]
	MR imaging	Increase	Decrease in patients with differing degrees of TBI, including sTBI	Marino et al. [25]
Lactate
	CSF	Increase	A slight statistically increasing trend in sTBI patients compared to non-injured controls	Glenn et al. [37]
	MR Imaging	Increase	Diffusely high signal of lactate resonance intensity in patients with acute TBI including sTBI	Marino et al. [25]
	CSF	Increase	Significantly increased compared to control and survival groups	Stefani et al. [38]
Citrulline
	Serum/Plasma	Decrease	≤ 60% the concentration in jugular blood compared to HC	Wolahan et al. [34]
	Serum/Plasma	Decrease	Significantly reduced in the plasma of sTBI patients	Jeter et al. [26]
Proline and derivatives
Proline	Serum/Plasma	Decrease	≤ 60% the concentration in arterial plasma compared to HC	Wolahan et al. [34]
Proline	Serum/Plasma	Decrease	Significantly reduced in the plasma of sTBI patients compared to healthy volunteers, orthopedic controls, and mTBI patients	Jeter et al. [26]
5-oxoproline	Serum/Plasma	Decrease	Significantly reduced in sTBI patients compared to mTBI and healthy volunteers	Dash et al. [29]
Hydroxyproline	Serum/Plasma	Decrease	Significantly reduced in the plasma of sTBI patients compared to healthy volunteers, orthopedic controls, and mTBI patients	Jeter et al. [26]
Hydroxyproline	Serum/Plasma	Decrease	≤ 60% the concentration in jugular blood compared to HC	Wolahan et al. [34]
Methionine
	Urine	Increase	Significant negative correlation (increase) to patients decreasing GCS scores	Bykowski et al. [30]
	Serum/Plasma	Decrease	Significant reduction in plasma relative to healthy volunteers	Dash et al. [29]
Xanthine
	Serum/Plasma	Increase	Significant net cerebral release/increase in jugular venous blood	Wolahan et al. [34]
	Urine	Increase	Increased levels following recovery	Bykowski et al. [30]
N-acetylaspartate
	Microdialysate	Decrease	Steep decline of extracellular NAA seen in 8 patients early on	Shannon et al. [28]
	MR Imaging	Decrease	Decrease in patients with differing degrees of TBI, including sTBI	Marino et al. [25]
2/3-hydroxybutryic acid
2-hydroxybutyrate	Serum/Plasma	Increase	Found significantly increased in sTBI patients	Dash et al. [29]
2-hydroxybutyric acid	Serum/Microdialysate	Increase	Found upregulated in sTBI patients	Oresic et al. [33]
3-hydroxybutyric acid	Serum/Microdialysate	Increase	Found upregulated in sTBI patients	Oresic et al. [33]
Valine
	Serum/Plasma	Decrease	Reduction in levels detected in the plasma of sTBI patients compared to all other groups	Jeter et al. [27]
	Serum/Plasma	Decrease	Significantly decreased during the first week post Stbi compared to controls	Vuille-Dit-Bille [35]
Leucine
	Serum/Plasma	Decrease	Decrease in patients with sTBI compared to healthy volunteers and mTBI patients	Jeter et al. [27]
	Serum/Plasma	Decrease	Significantly decreased during the first week post sTBI compared to controls	Vuille-Dit-Bille [35]

CT computed tomography; GCS Glasgow Coma Scale; HC healthy controls; mTBI minor traumatic brain injury; NAA N-acetylaspartate; sTBI severe traumatic brain injury; TBI traumatic brain injury

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ISSN: 1471-2202

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