Fig. 4

Atrous spatial pyramid pooling five-branch structure captures multi-scale information processing flow. Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling performs dilated convolutions with varying dilation rates on a single top feature map, and then concatenates the resulting feature maps to increase the number of channels. To achieve the desired number of channels, a convolution layer is used to reduce them. In this research project, a five-branch Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling structure was employed to process high-level features and broaden their receptive field for capturing multi-scale information