Fig. 63

A SE and FC values of Fp1 channel for three different states, which are wakeful, ketamine-induced, and propofol-induced states, are averaged over subjects (n = 29 for ketamine-induced, n = 20 for propofol-induced and n = 49 for wakeful states). Error bars represent standard errors. Wakeful state has the intermediate SE value between ones of two other states. For FC value, however, wakeful state has the highest one and both anesthetized states have smaller ones, forming a concave relationship between three states. B Each dot manifests averaged SE and FC values of one subject over 23 10 s-long epochs overlapping 5 s each other. Error bars here also indicate standard errors. Most wakeful states have higher FC values compared to ones of unconscious states and have intermediate SE values. Ketamine-induced states are mainly located in the lower right part when propofol-induced states are clustered at the lower left part of the area in SE–FC plot. C FC values of EEG signals from the whole brain area, covering pre-frontal, frontal, temporal, and parietal regions, significantly decreased during ketamine-induced loss of consciousness (p < 0.0001). D All FC values of the signals from different regions were also significantly reduced during propofol-induced unconscious state (p < 0.0001)