Fig. 1

Urine induced change in MQAE fluorescence in VNO slices. A Image of VNO slice in Tyrode solution (a) and in response to urine stimulation (b). Scale bar is 25 μm. B Quantitative measurement of fluorescence signal during urine application for the cell indicated by the arrows. Square indicates VNO slice image and circle for background change. C Box plot indicates relative fluorescence changes in response to urine (1.12 ± 0.01, n = 11). Box plots show the mean (central point), median (central horizontal line in the box), maximal and minimal values (short horizontal lines), 99 and 1 % range (crosses at both ends of the box), 5–95 % percentile range (whiskers) and 25–75 % range (box). **P < 0.05, Student’s t test