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Figure 3 | BMC Neuroscience

Figure 3

From: Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract inhibits glutamate-induced cell death through inhibition of calcium signals and nitric oxide formation in cultured rat hippocampal neurons

Figure 3

Effect of GSPE on NMDA-induced [Ca2+] i response. Reproducible [Ca2+]i increase was induced by treatment for 1 min with 100 μM NMDA at 20-min intervals (control, n = 11). Pretreatment with GSPE (6 μg/ml) for 5 min decreased the NMDA-induced response (GSPE, n = 15). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 relative to NMDA (unpaired Student's t-test).

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BMC Neuroscience

ISSN: 1471-2202

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