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  1. Growth hormone (GH) plays an incompletely understood role in the development of the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we use transgenic mice expressing a growth hormone antagonist (GHA) to explore t...

    Authors: DL McIlwain, VB Hoke, JJ Kopchick, CR Fuller and PK Lund
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2004 5:6
  2. Inactivating genes in vivo is an important technique for establishing their function in the adult nervous system. Unfortunately, conventional knockout mice may suffer from several limitations including embryon...

    Authors: Bushra Y Ahmed, Sridhara Chakravarthy, Ruben Eggers, Wim TJMC Hermens, Jing Ying Zhang, Simone P Niclou, Christiaan Levelt, Fred Sablitzky, Patrick N Anderson, AR Lieberman and Joost Verhaagen
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2004 5:4
  3. SLOB binds to and modulates the activity of the Drosophila Slowpoke (dSlo) calcium activated potassium channel. Recent microarray analyses demonstrated circadian cycling of slob mRNA.

    Authors: Angela M Jaramillo, Xiangzhong Zheng, Yi Zhou, Defne A Amado, Amanda Sheldon, Amita Sehgal and Irwin B Levitan
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2004 5:3
  4. The adenine nucleotide translocator 1 (Ant1) is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein involved with energy mobilization during oxidative phosphorylation. We recently showed that rodent Ant1 is upregulated by...

    Authors: Alick KT Law, Deepak Gupta, Shawn Levy, Douglas C Wallace, Robert J McKeon and Charles R Buck
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2004 5:1
  5. To determine whether early imitative responses fade out following the maturation of attentional mechanisms, the relationship between primitive imitation behaviors and the development of attention was examined ...

    Authors: Atsuko Nakagawa, Masune Sukigara and Oana Benga
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:33
  6. Recent data indicate that excitotoxicity of high levels of neurotransmitter glutamate may be mediated via programmed cell death (apoptosis) and that it can be prevented in HT22 mouse hippocampal cells by vario...

    Authors: YueMei Zhang, XiaoFeng Lu and Bhagu R Bhavnani
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:32
  7. To understand the functioning of distributed networks such as the brain, it is important to characterize their ability to integrate information. The paper considers a measure based on effective information, a ...

    Authors: Giulio Tononi and Olaf Sporns
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:31
  8. Nodes of Ranvier correspond to specialized axonal domains where voltage-gated sodium channels are highly concentrated. In the peripheral nervous system, they are covered by Schwann cells microvilli, where thre...

    Authors: Laurence Goutebroze, Michèle Carnaud, Natalia Denisenko, Marie-Claude Boutterin and Jean-Antoine Girault
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:29
  9. L-glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter, binds to both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. In certain parts of the brain the BBB contains two normally impermeable barriers: 1) cerebral endothe...

    Authors: Christopher D Sharp, M Fowler, TH Jackson IV, J Houghton, A Warren, A Nanda, I Chandler, B Cappell, A Long, A Minagar and JS Alexander
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:28
  10. We have developed a culture system for the efficient and directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) to neural precursors and neurons.

    Authors: Thomas C Schulz, Gail M Palmarini, Scott A Noggle, Deborah A Weiler, Maisam M Mitalipova and Brian G Condie
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:27
  11. Experiencing emotions engages high-order orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal areas, and expressing emotions involves low-level autonomic structures and peripheral organs. How is information from the cortex tra...

    Authors: Helen Barbas, Subhash Saha, Nancy Rempel-Clower and Troy Ghashghaei
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:25
  12. Hibernation is a state of extremely reduced physiological functions and a deep depression of CNS activity. We have previously shown that the histamine levels increase in the brain during hibernation, as does t...

    Authors: Tina Sallmen, Adrian F Lozada, Oleg V Anichtchik, Alexander L Beckman and Pertti Panula
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:24
  13. Stargazin (γ2) and the closely related γ3, and γ4 transmembrane proteins are part of a family of proteins that may act as both neuronal voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) γ subunits and transmembrane α-amin...

    Authors: Fraser J Moss, Annette C Dolphin and Jeffrey J Clare
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:23
  14. The integration of EEG and fMRI is attractive because of their complementary precision regarding time and space. But the relationship between the indirect hemodynamic fMRI signal and the more direct EEG signal...

    Authors: Jack R Foucher, Hélène Otzenberger and Daniel Gounot
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:22
  15. Excitotoxic neuronal injury by action of the glutamate receptors of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) subtype have been implicated in the pathogenesis of brain damage as a consequence of bacterial meningitis. Th...

    Authors: Anna Kolarova, Ralph Ringer, Martin G Täuber and Stephen L Leib
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:21
  16. The transcription factor AP1 mediates long-term plasticity in vertebrate and invertebrate central nervous systems. Recent studies of activity-induced synaptic change indicate that AP1 can function upstream of ...

    Authors: Subhabrata Sanyal, Radhakrishnan Narayanan, Christos Consoulas and Mani Ramaswami
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:20
  17. Peptidergic neurons containing the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and the hypocretins (or orexins) are intermingled in the zona incerta, perifornical nucleus and lateral hypothalamic area. Both types of n...

    Authors: Laure Verret, Romain Goutagny, Patrice Fort, Laurène Cagnon, Denise Salvert, Lucienne Léger, Romuald Boissard, Paul Salin, Christelle Peyron and Pierre-Hervé Luppi
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:19
  18. Axon calibers vary widely among different animals, neuron classes, and even within the same neuron. What determines the diameter of axon branches?

    Authors: Dmitri B Chklovskii and Armen Stepanyants
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:18
  19. Previous work suggested that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) may be involved in bladder inflammation. Therefore, the location of MIF was determined immunohistochemically in the bladder, prostate, ...

    Authors: Pedro L Vera and Katherine L Meyer-Siegler
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:17
  20. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disease that causes motor neuron degeneration, paralysis and death. Mutations in Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) are one cause for t...

    Authors: Cynthia MJ Higgins, Cheolwha Jung and Zuoshang Xu
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:16
  21. Many molecular studies of ion channel function rely on the ability to obtain high quality voltage clamp recordings using the patch clamp technique. For a variety of channel types studied in mammalian cell hete...

    Authors: Josef G Trapani and Stephen J Korn
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:15
  22. Disrupting neural migration with bilateral focal freezing necrosis on postnatal day 1 (P1) results in the formation of 4-layered microgyria. This developmental injury triggers a pervasive neural reorganization...

    Authors: Ann M Peiffer, R Holly Fitch, Jennifer J Thomas, Alexandra N Yurkovic and Glenn D Rosen
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:12
  23. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) interact with heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) to modulate acute changes in intracellular messenger levels and ion channel activity. In contrast, long-term c...

    Authors: Joyce H Hurley, Shengwen Zhang, Leighan S Bye, Mark S Marshall, Anna A DePaoli-Roach, Kunliang Guan, Aaron P Fox and Lei Yu
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:10
  24. Changes in photoperiod and ambient temperature trigger seasonal adaptations in the physiology and behaviour of many species, including the Djungarian hamster. Exposure of the hamsters to a short photoperiod an...

    Authors: Svitlana Palchykova, Tom Deboer and Irene Tobler
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:9
  25. It is well known that neurons of the peripheral nervous system have the capacity to regenerate a severed axon leading to functional recovery, whereas neurons of the central nervous system do not regenerate suc...

    Authors: Andreas B Schmitt, Sebastian Breuer, Jan Liman, Armin Buss, Christiane Schlangen, Katrin Pech, Elly M Hol, Gary A Brook, Johannes Noth and Franz-Werner Schwaiger
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:8
  26. The importance of L1 expression in the matured brain is suggested by physiological and behavioral studies showing that L1 is related to hippocampal plasticity and fear conditioning. The distribution of L1 in m...

    Authors: Hana Munakata, Yukiko Nakamura, Kazumasa Matsumoto-Miyai, Kouichi Itoh, Hironobu Yamasaki and Sadao Shiosaka
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:7
  27. Nuclear objects that have in common the property of being recognized by monoclonal antibodies specific for phosphoprotein epitopes and cytoplasmic intermediate filaments (in particular, SMI-31 and RT-97) have ...

    Authors: Shannon E Weigum, Dana M García, Timothy D Raabe, Nicholas Christodoulides and Joseph R Koke
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:6
  28. Alteration of glutamate and γ-aminobutyrate system have been reported to be associated with neurodegenerative disorders and have been postulated to be involved in aluminum-induced neurotoxicity as well. Alumin...

    Authors: Prasunpriya Nayak and Ajay K Chatterjee
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:4
  29. Using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, we have studied the distribution of immunoreactive fibers and cell bodies containing neurokinin in the adult human brainstem with no prior history of neurological ...

    Authors: Rafael Coveñas, Francisco Martin, Magdalena Belda, Victor Smith, Pablo Salinas, Eva Rivada, Zaida Diaz-Cabiale, Jose Angel Narvaez, Pilar Marcos, Gerard Tramu and Salvador Gonzalez-Baron
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:3
  30. Ears of Brn3c null mutants develop immature hair cells, identifiable only by certain molecular markers, and undergo apoptosis in neonates. This partial development of hair cells could lead to enough neurotroph...

    Authors: Mengqing Xiang, Adel Maklad, Ulla Pirvola and Bernd Fritzsch
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:2
  31. We wanted to determine if changes in the expression of serotonin 2A receptor (5HT2A receptor) gene in the premammillary hypothalamus are associated with changes in reproductive neuroendocrine status. Thus, we com...

    Authors: Philippe Chemineau, Agnès Daveau, Jean Pelletier, Benoît Malpaux, Fred J Karsch and Catherine Viguié
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2003 4:1
  32. Adenosine is known to act as a neuromodulator by suppressing synaptic transmission in the central and peripheral nervous system. Both the release of adenosine within the small intestine and the presence of ade...

    Authors: Martin Storr, Jutta Thammer, Ralf Dunkel, Volker Schusdziarra and Hans-Dieter Allescher
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2002 3:21
  33. The cryptochrome 1 and 2 genes (cry1 and cry2) are necessary for the generation of circadian rhythms, as mice lacking both of these genes (cry1,2-/-) lack circadian rhythms. We studied sleep in cry1,2-/- mice und...

    Authors: Jonathan P Wisor, Bruce F O'Hara, Akira Terao, Chris P Selby, Thomas S Kilduff, Aziz Sancar, Dale M Edgar and Paul Franken
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2002 3:20
  34. Several lines of evidence strongly suggest that agouti-related peptide (AGRP) plays a key role in the regulation of metabolic function but ablation of the AGRP gene has no apparent effect on metabolic function...

    Authors: Hideo Makimura, Tooru M Mizuno, Jason W Mastaitis, Reuven Agami and Charles V Mobbs
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2002 3:18
  35. Rat oligonucleotide microarrays were used to detect changes in gene expression in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) 3 days following sciatic nerve transection (axotomy). Two comparisons were made using two sets o...

    Authors: Michael Costigan, Katia Befort, Laurie Karchewski, Robert S Griffin, Donatella D'Urso, Andrew Allchorne, Joanne Sitarski, James W Mannion, Richard E Pratt and Clifford J Woolf
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2002 3:16
  36. Huntington's disease (HD) pathogenesis is due to an expanded polyglutamine tract in huntingtin, but the specificity of neuronal loss compared with other polyglutamine disorders also implies a role for the prot...

    Authors: Hiroki Takano and James F Gusella
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2002 3:15
  37. Current efforts to study the genetic underpinnings of higher brain functions have been lacking appropriate phenotypes to describe cognition. One of the problems is that many cognitive concepts for which there ...

    Authors: John Fossella, Tobias Sommer, Jin Fan, Yanhong Wu, James M Swanson, Donald W Pfaff and Michael I Posner
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2002 3:14
  38. Oxidative stress has shown to contribute in the mechanisms underlying apoptotic cell death occuring in AIDS-dementia complex. Here we investigated the role of peroxynitrite in apoptosis occurring in astroglial...

    Authors: Carolina Muscoli, Daniela Salvemini, Donatella Paolino, Michelangelo Iannone, Ernesto Palma, Antonio Cufari, Domenicantonio Rotiroti, Carlo Federico Perno, Stefano Aquaro and Vincenzo Mollace
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2002 3:13
  39. Neurons in the dorsal spinal cord play important roles in nociception and pain. These neurons receive input from peripheral sensory neurons and then transmit the signals to the brain, as well as receive and in...

    Authors: Hong Sun, Jian Xu, Kimberly B Della Penna, Robert J Benz, Fumi Kinose, Daniel J Holder, Kenneth S Koblan, David L Gerhold and Hao Wang
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2002 3:11

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