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  1. The morphological development of neurons is a very complex process involving both genetic and environmental components. Mathematical modelling and numerical simulation are valuable tools in helping us unravel ...

    Authors: Bruce P Graham and Arjen van Ooyen
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7(Suppl 1):S9

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 1

  2. A current trend in neuroscience research is the use of stable isotope tracers in order to address metabolic processes in vivo. The tracers produce a huge number of metabolite forms that differ according to the nu...

    Authors: Vitaly A Selivanov, Tatiana Sukhomlin, Josep J Centelles, Paul WN Lee and Marta Cascante
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7(Suppl 1):S7

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 1

  3. Small non coding RNAs are a group of very different RNA molecules, present in virtually all cells, with a wide spectrum of regulatory functions which include RNA modification and regulation of protein synthesi...

    Authors: Carlo Presutti, Jessica Rosati, Sara Vincenti and Sergio Nasi
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7(Suppl 1):S5

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 1

  4. Many cell biological pathways exhibit overall polarity (net movement of molecules in one direction) even though individual molecular interactions in the pathway are freely reversible. The A2 RNA trafficking pa...

    Authors: John H Carson, Nicholas Blondin and George Korza
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7(Suppl 1):S3

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 1

  5. Synchronization of action potentials between neurons is considered to be an encoding process that allows the grouping of various and multiple features of an image leading to a coherent perception. How this cod...

    Authors: Florence Duret, Svetlana Shumikhina and Stéphane Molotchnikoff
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:72
  6. The localisation of AMPA and NMDA receptor subunits was studied in a model of degeneration of cervical spinal motoneurons, the wobbler mouse. Cervical regions from early or late symptomatic wobbler mice (4 or ...

    Authors: Paolo Bigini, Fabrizio Gardoni, Sara Barbera, Alfredo Cagnotto, Elena Fumagalli, Annalisa Longhi, Massimiliano M Corsi, Monica Di Luca and Tiziana Mennini
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:71
  7. Synchrony of coupled oscillations of ipsilateral hand and foot may be achieved by controlling the interlimb phase difference through a crossed kinaesthetic feedback between the two limbs, or by an independent ...

    Authors: Fausto G Baldissera, Paolo Cavallari and Roberto Esposti
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:70
  8. The etiology of schizophrenia is unknown, but neurodevelopmental disturbances, myelin- and oligodendrocyte abnormalities and synaptic dysfunction have been suggested as pathophysiological factors in this sever...

    Authors: Johan Fernø, Silje Skrede, Audun O Vik-Mo, Bjarte Håvik and Vidar M Steen
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:69
  9. Scoliosis is the most common type of spinal deformity. In North American children, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) makes up about 90% of all cases of scoliosis. While its prevalence is about 2% to 3% in ...

    Authors: Martin Simoneau, Pierre Mercier, Jean Blouin, Paul Allard and Normand Teasdale
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:68
  10. The extent of similarity between consolidation and reconsolidation is not yet fully understood. One of the differences noted is that not every brain region involved in consolidation exhibits reconsolidation. I...

    Authors: Sonja Blum, Jason D Runyan and Pramod K Dash
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:67
  11. Glaucoma is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the retina, characterized by the degeneration of axons in the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cell apoptosis. DBA/2J inbred mice develop chronic hereditary g...

    Authors: Cassandra L Schlamp, Yan Li, Joel A Dietz, Katherine T Janssen and Robert W Nickells
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:66
  12. Huntington's Disease (HD) is an inherited autosomal dominant genetic disorder in which neuronal tissue degenerates. The pathogenesis of the disease appears to center on the development of protein aggregates th...

    Authors: Michael Skogen, Jennifer Roth, Sarah Yerkes, Hetal Parekh-Olmedo and Eric Kmiec
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:65
  13. Brain inflammation has been recognized as a complex phenomenon with numerous related aspects. In addition to the very well-described neurodegenerative effect of inflammation, several studies suggest that infla...

    Authors: Darius Widera, Ilja Mikenberg, Margitta Elvers, Christian Kaltschmidt and Barbara Kaltschmidt
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:64
  14. We previously described planar areal differences in adult mouse visual, somatosensory, and neocortex that collectively discriminated C57BL/6J and DBA/2J inbred strain identity. Here we use a novel application ...

    Authors: David C Airey, Fangbai Wu, Monica Guan and Christine E Collins
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:63
  15. In Huntington's disease (HD), age at neurological onset is inversely correlated with the length of the CAG trinucleotide repeat mutation, but can be modified by genetic factors beyond the HD gene. Association of ...

    Authors: Wenqi Zeng, Tammy Gillis, Michael Hakky, Luc Djoussé, Richard H Myers, Marcy E MacDonald and James F Gusella
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:62
  16. Multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) have become popular tools for recording spontaneous and evoked electrical activity of excitable tissues. The majority of previous studies of synaptic transmission in brain slices ...

    Authors: Maksym V Kopanitsa, Nurudeen O Afinowi and Seth GN Grant
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:61
  17. Recent evidence for a tight coupling of sensorimotor processes in trained musicians led to the question of whether this coupling extends to preattentively mediated reflexes; particularly, whether a classically...

    Authors: Marc Bangert, Uwe Jürgens, Udo Häusler and Eckart Altenmüller
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:60
  18. Lurcher mice suffer from a complete Purkinje cell (PC) loss in the first four postnatal weeks. Parallel to this degeneration, GABAergic synapses in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN), the major recipient of the inh...

    Authors: C Linnemann, I Schmeh, P Thier and C Schwarz
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:59
  19. Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) are increased in the brain after experimental ischemic stroke in rats. These two proteases are involved with the degradation of the basal lamina and loss of ...

    Authors: Livia S Machado, Anna Kozak, Adviye Ergul, David C Hess, Cesario V Borlongan and Susan C Fagan
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:56
  20. Neuroprotective strategies for prevention of the neuropathological sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) have largely failed in translation to clinical treatment. Thus, there is a substantial need for furth...

    Authors: Iris Leinhase, V Michael Holers, Joshua M Thurman, Denise Harhausen, Oliver I Schmidt, Malte Pietzcker, Mohy E Taha, Daniel Rittirsch, Markus Huber-Lang, Wade R Smith, Peter A Ward and Philip F Stahel
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:55
  21. Syntaxins 1 through 4 are SNAP receptor (SNARE) proteins that mediate vesicular trafficking to the plasma membrane. In retina, syntaxins 1 and 3 are expressed at conventional and ribbon synapses, respectively,...

    Authors: David M Sherry, Robert Mitchell, Kelly M Standifer and Brad du Plessis
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:54
  22. The striatal complex is the major target of dopamine action in the CNS. There, medium-spiny GABAergic neurons, which constitute about 95% of the neurons in the area, form a mutually inhibitory synaptic network...

    Authors: Daron Geldwert, J Madison Norris, Igor G Feldman, Joshua J Schulman, Myra P Joyce and Stephen Rayport
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:53
  23. Impulsivity is defined as intolerance/aversion to waiting for reward. In intolerance-to-delay (ID) protocols, animals must choose between small/soon (SS) versus large/late (LL) rewards. In the probabilistic di...

    Authors: Walter Adriani and Giovanni Laviola
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:52
  24. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a polypeptide growth factor with a variety of functions in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. IGF-1 plays anti-apoptotic and other functions by activating multiple si...

    Authors: Wen-Hua Zheng and Rémi Quirion
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:51
  25. The LAR family Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase sigma (PTPσ) has been implicated in neuroendocrine and neuronal development, and shows strong expression in specific regions within the CNS, including the subventric...

    Authors: David L Kirkham, Laura KK Pacey, Michelle M Axford, Roberta Siu, Daniela Rotin and Laurie C Doering
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:50
  26. Glutamate, a major excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter, causes apoptotic neuronal cell death at high concentrations. Our previous studies have shown that depending on the neuronal cell type, glutamate-induc...

    Authors: YueMei Zhang and Bhagu R Bhavnani
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:49
  27. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is one of the most important active ingredients of a Chinese herb Ligusticum wallichii Franchat, which is widely used in many ischemia disorders treatments. However, the exact mechani...

    Authors: Li-Hong Fan, Kun-Zheng Wang, Bin Cheng, Chun-Sheng Wang and Xiao-Qian Dang
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:48
  28. Genetically manipulated embryonic stem (ES) cell derived neurons (ESNs) provide a powerful system with which to study the consequences of gene manipulation in mature, synaptically connected neurons in vitro. Here...

    Authors: P Charlesworth, NH Komiyama and SGN Grant
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:47
  29. Somatosensation of the mammalian head is mainly mediated by the trigeminal nerve that provides innervation of diverse tissues like the face skin, the conjunctiva of the eyes, blood vessels and the mucouse memb...

    Authors: Nils Damann, Markus Rothermel, Barbara G Klupp, Thomas C Mettenleiter, Hanns Hatt and Christian H Wetzel
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:46
  30. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), a member of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, has been proposed to mediate neurite outgrowth-promoting effects of several neurot...

    Authors: S Agthong, A Kaewsema, N Tanomsridejchai and V Chentanez
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:45
  31. Current cognitive neuroscience models predict a right-hemispheric dominance for face processing in humans. However, neuroimaging and electromagnetic data in the literature provide conflicting evidence of a rig...

    Authors: Alice M Proverbio, Valentina Brignone, Silvia Matarazzo, Marzia Del Zotto and Alberto Zani
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:44
  32. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a critical role in amphetamine-produced conditioned place preference (CPP). In previous studies, NAc basal and amphetamine-produced DA transmission was altered by Group II mGl...

    Authors: Todor V Gerdjikov and Richard J Beninger
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:43
  33. Corticosterone reduction produced by adrenalectomy (ADX) induces apoptosis in dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, an effect related to an increase in the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene bax. However it ha...

    Authors: Javier A Bravo, Claudio S Parra, Sandor Arancibia, Sergio Andrés, Paola Morales, Mario Herrera-Marschitz, Luisa Herrera, Hernán E Lara and Jenny L Fiedler
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:40
  34. Cognitive impairment is a common feature in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and occurs in 60% of all cases. Unfortunately, neurological examination does not always agree with the neuropsychological evaluation...

    Authors: Javier J Gonzalez-Rosa, Manuel Vazquez-Marrufo, Encarnacion Vaquero, Pablo Duque, Monica Borges, Miguel A Gamero, Carlos M Gomez and Guillermo Izquierdo
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:39
  35. Short-term habituation of the startle response represents an elementary form of learning in mammals. The underlying mechanism is located within the primary startle pathway, presumably at sensory synapses on gi...

    Authors: Nadine S Simons-Weidenmaier, Maruschka Weber, Claudia F Plappert, Peter KD Pilz and Susanne Schmid
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:38
  36. Superoxide mediated oxidative stress is a key neuropathologic mechanism in acute central nervous system injuries. We have analyzed the neuroprotective efficacy of the transient overexpression of antioxidant en...

    Authors: Hugo Peluffo, Laia Acarin, Anna Arís, Pau González, Antoni Villaverde, Bernardo Castellano and Berta González
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:35
  37. Prenatal cocaine exposure produces attentional deficits which to persist through early childhood. Given the role of norepinephrine (NE) in attentional processes, we examined the forebrain NE systems from prena...

    Authors: Rosemarie M Booze, David R Wallace, Janelle M Silvers, Barbara J Strupp, Diane M Snow and Charles F Mactutus
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:33
  38. Previous work from this laboratory has shown that the administration of the convulsant drug 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MP), a GAD inhibitor, modifies not only GABA synthesis but also binding of the antagonist [3H]...

    Authors: Patricia G Schneider and Georgina Rodríguez de Lores Arnaiz
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:32
  39. Caenorhabditis elegans actively crawls down thermal gradients until it reaches the temperature of its prior cultivation, exhibiting what is called cryophilic movement. Implicit in the worm's performance of cryoph...

    Authors: Samuel H Chung, Damon A Clark, Christopher V Gabel, Eric Mazur and Aravinthan DT Samuel
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:30
  40. The cause of neuronal death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is uncertain but mitochondrial dysfunction may play an important role. Ketones promote mitochondrial energy production and membrane stabilizat...

    Authors: Zhong Zhao, Dale J Lange, Andrei Voustianiouk, Donal MacGrogan, Lap Ho, Jason Suh, Nelson Humala, Meenakshisundaram Thiyagarajan, Jun Wang and Giulio M Pasinetti
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:29
  41. Several clinical studies suggested that antipsychotic-based medications could ameliorate cognitive functions impaired in certain schizophrenic patients. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of various dopa...

    Authors: Stéphane Bastianetto, Marc Danik, Françoise Mennicken, Sylvain Williams and Rémi Quirion
    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2006 7:28

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