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Neurobiology of disease

Section edited by Karsten Ruscher

This section covers the neurobiological aspects of diseases that can affect the brain. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, neuroinflammation, neurodegenerative pathophysiology, neurogenesis and experimental brain research. Diseases range across neurodegeneration, demyelinating conditions, addiction, psychiatric conditions, stroke and spinal cord conditions.

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  1. Content type: Methodology article

    Cone photoreceptors are specialised sensory retinal neurons responsible for photopic vision, colour perception and visual acuity. Retinal degenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of eye diseases in whic...

    Authors: Antonino Glaviano, Andrew J. Smith, Alfonso Blanco, Sarah McLoughlin, Maria L. Cederlund, Theresa Heffernan, Beata Sapetto-Rebow, Yolanda Alvarez, Jun Yin and Breandán N. Kennedy

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:71

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  2. Content type: Research article

    Fused in sarcoma (FUS) is an RNA-binding protein associated with the neurodegenerative diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. ALS manifests in patients as a progres...

    Authors: Kasey L. Jackson, Hemangini A. Dhaibar, Robert D. Dayton, Sergio G. Cananzi, William G. Mayhan, Edward Glasscock and Ronald L. Klein

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:69

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  3. Content type: Research article

    There is evidence that experimentally elicited auditory illusions in the general population index risk for psychotic symptoms. As little is known about underlying cortical mechanisms of auditory illusions, an ...

    Authors: E. Schepers, L. Bodar, J. van Os and R. Lousberg

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:65

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  4. Content type: Research article

    Bilateral adrenalectomy has been shown to damage the hippocampal neurons. Although the effects of long-term adrenalectomy have been studied extensively there are few publications on the effects of short-term a...

    Authors: Naserddine Hamadi, Azimullah Sheikh, Nather Madjid, Loai Lubbad, Naheed Amir, Safa Al-Deen Saudi Shehab, Fatima Khelifi-Touhami and Abdu Adem

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:61

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  5. Content type: Research article

    Astaxanthin is a carotenoid pigment that possesses potent antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities. Previous studies have demonstrated that astaxanthin displays potential ne...

    Authors: Mingkun Zhang, Zhenwen Cui, Hua Cui, Yang Cao, Yong Wang and Chunlong Zhong

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:60

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  6. Content type: Research article

    Parkinson disease (PD) is a movement disorder affecting 1 % of people over the age of 60. The etiology of the disease is unknown; however, accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial defects, oxidative s...

    Authors: Hayate Javed, Sheikh Azimullah, Salema B. Abul Khair, Shreesh Ojha and M. Emdadul Haque

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:58

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  7. Content type: Research article

    Recurrent convulsions can cause irreversible astrocyte death, impede neuron regeneration, and further aggravate brain damage. MicroRNAs have been revealed as players in the progression of numerous diseases inc...

    Authors: Liqun Liu, Lingjuan Liu, Jiayun Shi, Menglin Tan, Jie Xiong, Xingfang Li, Qingpeng Hu, Zhuwen Yi and Ding’an Mao

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:56

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  9. Content type: Research article

    Amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that can lead to neuronal dysfunction and apoptosis. Tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 1 (TNFAIP1) is an apoptotic protein th...

    Authors: Ning Liu, Zhanyang Yu, Yu Xun, Miaomiao Li, Xiaoning Peng, Ye Xiao, Xiang Hu, Yi Sun, Manjun Yang, Shiquan Gan, Shishan Yuan, Xiaoying Wang, Shuanglin Xiang and Jian Zhang

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:51

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  10. Content type: Research article

    Peripheral neuropathy is a common and dose-limiting side effect of many cancer chemotherapies. The taxane agents, including paclitaxel (Taxol®), are effective chemotherapeutic drugs but cause degeneration of pred...

    Authors: Aniqa Tasnim, Zoe Rammelkamp, Amy B. Slusher, Krystyna Wozniak, Barbara S. Slusher and Mohamed H. Farah

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:47

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  11. Content type: Research article

    We previously reported the production of transgenic rats (APP21 line) that over-express human amyloid precursor protein (APP) containing Swedish and Indiana mutations. In order to generate a better model for A...

    Authors: Cansu Agca, Diana Klakotskaia, Todd R. Schachtman, Anthony W. Chan, James J. Lah and Yuksel Agca

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:46

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  12. Content type: Research article

    Murine models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are mainly based on overexpression of pathologic amyloid precursor protein and/or presenilins. Those genes resemble underlying cause of early onset type of AD while ab...

    Authors: Kristina Endres, Sven Reinhardt, Anastasia Geladaris, Julia Knies, Marcus Grimm, Tobias Hartmann and Ulrich Schmitt

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:44

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  13. Content type: Research article

    After spinal cord (SC)-injury, a non-modulated immune response contributes to the damage of neural tissue. Protective autoimmunity (PA) is a T cell mediated, neuroprotective response induced after SC-injury. ...

    Authors: Susana Martiñón, Elisa García-Vences, Diana Toscano-Tejeida, Adrian Flores-Romero, Roxana Rodriguez-Barrera, Manuel Ferrusquia, Rolando E. Hernández-Muñoz and Antonio Ibarra

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:42

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  14. Content type: Research article

    Canine intervertebral disc πherniation causes a naturally-occurring spinal cord injury (SCI) that bears critical similarities to human SCI with respect to both injury pathomechanisms and treatment. As such, it...

    Authors: Rae L. Russell, Jonathan M. Levine, Nick D. Jeffery, Colin Young, Armando Mondragon, Bryan Lee, C. Elizabeth Boudreau, C. Jane Welsh and Gwendolyn J. Levine

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:31

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  15. Content type: Research article

    Kainic acid (KA)-induced excitotoxicity promotes cytoplasmic calcium accumulation, oxidative stress, and apoptotic signaling, leading to hippocampal neuronal death. Mitochondria play a critical role in neuroin...

    Authors: Hwajin Kim, Jong Youl Lee, Keon Jae Park, Won-Ho Kim and Gu Seob Roh

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:33

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    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:16

  16. Content type: Research article

    In the current study, a transient cerebral ischemia producing selective cell death was designated a mild ischemic insult. A comparable insult in humans is a transient ischemic attack (TIA) that is associated with...

    Authors: Ursula I. Tuor, Zonghang Zhao, Philip A. Barber and Min Qiao

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:28

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  17. Content type: Research article

    Anorexia can occur as a serious complication of disease. Increasing evidence suggests that inflammation plays a major role, along with a hypothalamic dysregulation characterized by locally elevated serotonin l...

    Authors: J. T. Dwarkasing, R. F. Witkamp, M. V. Boekschoten, M. C. Ter Laak, M. S. Heins and K. van Norren

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:26

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  18. Content type: Research article

    Red/near-infrared light therapy (R/NIR-LT) has been developed as a treatment for a range of conditions, including injury to the central nervous system (CNS). However, clinical trials have reported variable or ...

    Authors: Bethany Eve Ashworth, Emma Stephens, Carole A. Bartlett, Stylianos Serghiou, Marcus K. Giacci, Anna Williams, Nathan S. Hart and Melinda Fitzgerald

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:21

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  19. Content type: Research article

    We recently reported that poly-arginine peptides have neuroprotective properties both in vitro and in vivo. In cultured cortical neurons exposed to glutamic acid excitotoxicity, we demonstrated that neuroprote...

    Authors: Diego Milani, Vince W. Clark, Jane L. Cross, Ryan S. Anderton, Neville W. Knuckey and Bruno P. Meloni

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:19

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  20. Content type: Methodology article

    Regeneration of new myelin is impaired in persistent multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, leaving neurons unable to function properly and subject to further degeneration. Current MS therapies attempt to ameliorate...

    Authors: Karen D. Lariosa-Willingham, Elen S. Rosler, Jay S. Tung, Jason C. Dugas, Tassie L. Collins and Dmitri Leonoudakis

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:16

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  21. Content type: Research article

    Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) inactivates the peptide co-transmitter N-acetylaspartylglutamate following synaptic release. Inhibition of GCPII elevates extracellular levels of the peptide, inhibits glutam...

    Authors: Yang Cao, Yang Gao, Siyi Xu, Jingang Bao, Yingying Lin, Xingguang Luo, Yong Wang, Qizhong Luo, Jiyao Jiang, Joseph H. Neale and Chunlong Zhong

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:15

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  23. Content type: Research article

    It has been demonstrated that the zebrafish model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-evoked seizures and the well-established rodent models of epilepsy are similar pertaining to behavior, electrographic features, and c-

    Authors: Patrícia Gonçalves Barbalho, Iscia Lopes-Cendes and Claudia Vianna Maurer-Morelli

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:12

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  24. Content type: Research article

    Spinal cord edema is a serious complication and pathophysiological change after ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. It has been demonstrated closely associated with bimodal disruption of blood–spinal cord barrie...

    Authors: Xiao-Qian Li, Bo Fang, Wen-Fei Tan, Zhi-Lin Wang, Xi-Jia Sun, Zai-Li Zhang and Hong Ma

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:10

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  25. Content type: Research article

    Bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) of parkinson’s disease (PD) patients has demonstrated to improve motor performance and to reduce dopa-induced dyskinesia. An association between t...

    Authors: Massiva Sayad, Mohamed Zouambia, Malika Chaouch, Farida Ferrat, Mustapha Nebbal, Mohamed Bendini, Suzanne Lesage, Alexis Brice, Mohamed Brahim Errahmani and Boualem Asselah

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:6

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  26. Content type: Research article

    Limb remote ischemic postconditioning (LRIP) can ameliorate cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI), while the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is an important tran...

    Authors: Yonghua Zong, Ling Jiang, Mingxiao Zhang, Fangfang Zhou, Wenqian Qi, Shuai Li, Huijun Yang, Yu Zou, Qingjie Xia, Xue Zhou, Xiaosong Hu and Tinghua Wang

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2015 16:97

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  27. Content type: Research article

    Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal adult-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by α-synuclein (α-syn) positive oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions. The latter are associated with a neuronal m...

    Authors: Daniela Kuzdas-Wood, Lisa Fellner, Melanie Premstaller, Carlijn Borm, Bastiaan Bloem, Deniz Kirik, Gregor K. Wenning and Nadia Stefanova

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2015 16:86

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  28. Content type: Research article

    Tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders with accumulation of three-repeat (3R) or four-repeat (4R) Tau. While 3R tau is found in Pick’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 4R tau is more abund...

    Authors: Edward Rockenstein, Kiren Ubhi, Michael Mante, Jazmin Florio, Anthony Adame, Stefan Winter, Hemma Brandstaetter, Dieter Meier and Eliezer Masliah

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2015 16:85

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  29. Content type: Research article

    T cells undergo autoimmunization following spinal cord injury (SCI) and play both protective and destructive roles during the recovery process. T cell-deficient athymic nude (AN) rats exhibit improved function...

    Authors: David Satzer, Catherine Miller, Jacob Maxon, Joseph Voth, Christina DiBartolomeo, Rebecca Mahoney, James R. Dutton, Walter C. Low and Ann M. Parr

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2015 16:74

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  31. Content type: Research article

    Necroptosis is a newly identified type of programmed cell death that differs from apoptosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that necroptosis is involved in multiple pathologies of various human diseases. Rec...

    Authors: Haruo Kanno, Hiroshi Ozawa, Satoshi Tateda, Kenichiro Yahata and Eiji Itoi

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2015 16:62

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  32. Content type: Research article

    The pathological hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease are intracellular inclusions composed mainly of misfolded α-synuclein (αSYN). Under physiological conditions αSYN is mostly localized in synapses. In addition,...

    Authors: Emmy H. Rannikko, Stephanie S. Weber and Philipp J. Kahle

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2015 16:57

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  33. Content type: Research article

    There is currently a lack of reliable, minimally invasive biomarkers that could predict the extent of alcoholism-induced CNS damage. Developing such biomarkers may prove useful in reducing the prevalence of al...

    Authors: Cherry Ignacio, Steven D. Hicks, Patrick Burke, Lambert Lewis, Zsuzsa Szombathyne-Meszaros and Frank A. Middleton

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2015 16:55

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  34. Content type: Research article

    The elevated body swing test (EBST) is a behavioral test used to evaluate experimental stroke in rodents. The basic idea is that when the animal is suspended vertically by the tail, it will swing its head late...

    Authors: Edvin Ingberg, Johanna Gudjonsdottir, Elvar Theodorsson, Annette Theodorsson and Jakob O Ström

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2015 16:50

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  35. Content type: Research article

    Inflammation following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) significantly contributes to secondary brain damage and poor outcomes. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is known to modulate neuroinflammatory responses and is upregul...

    Authors: Jenna L Leclerc, Abdullah S Ahmad, Nilendra Singh, Luke Soshnik-Schierling, Ellis Greene, Alex Dang and Sylvain Doré

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2015 16:48

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  36. Content type: Research article

    Lipids play different important roles in central nervous system so that dysregulation of lipid pathways has been implicated in a growing number of neurodegenerative disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS)...

    Authors: Daniele Vergara, Michele D’Alessandro, Antonia Rizzello, Lidia De Riccardis, Paola Lunetti, Piero Del Boccio, Francesca De Robertis, Giorgio Trianni, Michele Maffia and Anna M Giudetti

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2015 16:46

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  37. Content type: Research article

    Stroke immediately sets into motion sustained excitotoxicity and calcium dysregulation, causing aberrant activity in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and an imbalance in the levels of nitric oxide (NO). D...

    Authors: Mushfiquddin Khan, Tajinder S Dhammu, Fumiyo Matsuda, Avtar K Singh and Inderjit Singh

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2015 16:42

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  38. Content type: Research article

    Plasma membrane localization can play a significant role in the ultimate function of certain proteins. Specific membrane domains like lipid rafts have been shown to be inhibitory domains to a number of signali...

    Authors: Robert J Donati, Jeffrey Schappi, Andrew H Czysz, Alexander Jackson and Mark M Rasenick

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2015 16:40

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  39. Content type: Research article

    Mitochondrial dysregulation is important in axonal damage and demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). There is however, no evidence in the literature of an...

    Authors: Mariam Al-Shamsi, Allen Shahin, Marwa F Ibrahim, Saeed Tareq, Abdul-Kader Souid and Eric P K Mensah-Brown

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2015 16:37

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  40. Content type: Research article

    Systemic infections can influence the course of multiple sclerosis (MS), especially by driving recurrent acute episodes. The question whether the infection enhances tissue damage is of great clinical importanc...

    Authors: Prateek Kumar, Katharina Friebe, Rieka Schallhorn, Zahra Moinfar, Roland Nau, Mathias Bähr, Sandra Schütze and Katharina Hein

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2015 16:36

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  41. Content type: Research article

    Noise exposure (NE) is a severe modern health hazard that induces hearing impairment. However, the noise-induced ultrastructural changes of blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB) and the potential involvements of tight...

    Authors: Yong-Xiang Wu, Guo-Xia Zhu, Xin-Qin Liu, Fei Sun, Ke Zhou, Shuang Wang, Chun-Mei Wang, Jin-Wen Jia, Jian-Tao Song and Lian-Jun Lu

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2014 15:136

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  44. Content type: Research article

    The roles of iron in epilepsy and its pathophysiological significance are poorly understood, especially whether iron levels are abnormal in subcortcal structures. This study aims to demonstrate whole-brain iro...

    Authors: Zhiqiang Zhang, Wei Liao, Boris Bernhardt, Zhengge Wang, Kangjian Sun, Fang Yang, Yijun Liu and Guangming Lu

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2014 15:117

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  45. Content type: Research article

    In our previous researches, we have found that apoptosis was induced in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rats. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis ha...

    Authors: Bo Yu, Lili Wen, Bing Xiao, Fang Han and Yuxiu Shi

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2014 15:115

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  46. Content type: Research article

    Stroke is the primary cause of long-term disability in the United States. Interestingly, mounting evidence has suggested potential sex differences in the response to stroke treatment in patients as, at least i...

    Authors: Lin Liu, Louise McCullough and Jun Li

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2014 15:118

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  47. Content type: Research article

    The complex aetiology of most mental disorders involves gene-environment interactions that may operate using epigenetic mechanisms particularly DNA methylation. It may explain many of the features seen in ment...

    Authors: Melkaye G Melka, Christina A Castellani, Nagalingam Rajakumar, Richard O’Reilly and Shiva M Singh

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2014 15:112

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  48. Content type: Research article

    Insulin signaling and Tau protein phosphorylation in the hippocampi of young and old obese Zucker fa/fa rats and their lean controls were assessed to determine whether obesity-induced peripheral insulin resist...

    Authors: Andrea Špolcová, Barbora Mikulášková, Katarína Kršková, Lucia Gajdošechová, Štefan Zórad, Rafał Olszanecki, Maciej Suski, Beata Bujak-Giżycka, Blanka Železná and Lenka Maletínská

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2014 15:111

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  49. Content type: Research article

    The current standard of care for insomnia includes gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor A (GABAA) activators, which promote sleep as well as general central nervous system depression. Dual orexin receptor antagonists...

    Authors: Anthony L Gotter, Susan L Garson, Joanne Stevens, Regina L Munden, Steven V Fox, Pamela L Tannenbaum, Lihang Yao, Scott D Kuduk, Terrence McDonald, Jason M Uslaner, Spencer J Tye, Paul J Coleman, Christopher J Winrow and John J Renger

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2014 15:109

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  50. Content type: Research article

    Cell-derived microparticles are secreted in response to cell damage or dysfunction. Endothelial and platelet dysfunction are thought to contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). Our aim here is...

    Authors: Beatriz Marcos-Ramiro, Pedro Oliva Nacarino, Esther Serrano-Pertierra, Miguel Ángel Blanco-Gelaz, Babette B Weksler, Ignacio A Romero, Pierre O Couraud, Alberto Tuñón, Carlos López-Larrea, Jaime Millán and Eva Cernuda-Morollón

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2014 15:110

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