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Neurobiology of disease

Section edited by Karsten Ruscher

This section covers the neurobiological aspects of diseases that can affect the brain. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, neuroinflammation, neurodegenerative pathophysiology, neurogenesis and experimental brain research. Diseases range across neurodegeneration, demyelinating conditions, addiction, psychiatric conditions, stroke and spinal cord conditions.

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  1. Content type: Research article

    The treatment of Parkinson’s disease is often complicated by levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists can alleviate LID in animal models but may be less effective in conditi...

    Authors: Sakari Leino, Samuel Kohtala, Tomi Rantamäki, Sini K. Koski, Saara Rannanpää and Outi Salminen

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:77

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  2. Content type: Research article

    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex condition and remains a prominent public and medical health issue in individuals of all ages. A rapid increase in extracellular glutamate occurs after TBI, leading to ...

    Authors: Wenbo Wu, Siyi Xu, Jialin Wang, Kuiming Zhang, Mingkun Zhang, Yang Cao, Hongqing Ren, Deyou Zheng and Chunlong Zhong

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:75

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  3. Content type: Research article

    Neurological disorders suggest that the excitotoxicity involves a drastic increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and the formation of reactive oxygen species. The presence of these free radicals may also a...

    Authors: Armando Valenzuela Peraza, David Calderón Guzmán, Norma Osnaya Brizuela, Maribel Ortiz Herrera, Hugo Juárez Olguín, Miroslava Lindoro Silva, Belén Juárez Tapia and Gerardo Barragán Mejía

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:71

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  4. Content type: Research article

    The clinical significance of anti-neuronal antibodies in patients with psychiatric disorders, but without encephalitis, remains unknown. In patients admitted to acute psychiatric inpatient care we aimed to ide...

    Authors: Morten B. Schou, Sverre Georg Sæther, Ole Kristian Drange, Karoline Krane-Gartiser, Solveig K. Reitan, Arne E. Vaaler and Daniel Kondziella

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:68

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  6. Content type: Research article

    Current antiepileptic drugs are not able to prevent recurrent seizures in all patients. Orexins are excitatory hypothalamic neuropeptides that their receptors (Orx1R and Orx2R) are found almost in all major re...

    Authors: Saeedeh Asadi, Ali Roohbakhsh, Ali Shamsizadeh, Masoud Fereidoni, Elham Kordijaz and Ali Moghimi

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:49

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  7. Content type: Research article

    Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the leading causes of disability and chronic pain. In SCI-induced pathology, homeostasis of the nitric oxide (NO) metabolome is lost. Major NO metabolites such as S-nitrosogl...

    Authors: Mushfiquddin Khan, Tajinder S. Dhammu, Inderjit Singh and Avtar K. Singh

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:50

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  8. Content type: Research article

    Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is the main tick-borne viral infection in Eurasia. Its manifestations range from inapparent infections and fevers with complete recovery to debilitating or fatal encephalitis. Th...

    Authors: Martin Palus, Yahya Sohrabi, Karl W. Broman, Hynek Strnad, Matyáš Šíma, Daniel Růžek, Valeriya Volkova, Martina Slapničková, Jarmila Vojtíšková, Lucie Mrázková, Jiří Salát and Marie Lipoldová

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:39

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  9. Content type: Research article

    Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an important psychological disease that can develop following the physical experience or witnessing of traumatic events. The psychopathological response to traumatic st...

    Authors: Bombi Lee, Insop Shim, Hyejung Lee and Dae-Hyun Hahm

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:38

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  10. Content type: Research article

    High-frequency transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is currently used for the administration of electrical current in denervated muscle to alleviate muscle atrophy and enhance moto...

    Authors: Hong-Lin Su, Chien-Yi Chiang, Zong-Han Lu, Fu-Chou Cheng, Chun-Jung Chen, Meei-Ling Sheu, Jason Sheehan and Hung-Chuan Pan

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:37

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  11. Content type: Research article

    Cholinergic hypothesis has been advanced as an etiology of Alzheimer disease (AD) on the basis of the presynaptic deficit found in the diseased brains, and cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are the treatment o...

    Authors: Yu San Chang, Yu Hsuan Wu, Chin Jen Wang, Shu Hui Tang and Hsiang Lan Chen

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:36

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  12. Content type: Research article

    Exposure to electromagnetic fields can affect human health, damaging tissues and cell homeostasis. Stress modulates neuronal responses and composition of brain lipids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the...

    Authors: Jesús Martínez-Sámano, Alan Flores-Poblano, Leticia Verdugo-Díaz, Marco Antonio Juárez-Oropeza and Patricia V. Torres-Durán

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:31

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  13. Content type: Research article

    The progressive neurodegenerative disorder multiple system atrophy (MSA) is characterized by α-synuclein-positive (oligodendro-) glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs). A connection between the abnormal accumulat...

    Authors: Lisa Fellner, Edith Buchinger, Dominik Brueck, Regina Irschick, Gregor K. Wenning and Nadia Stefanova

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:32

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  14. Content type: Research article

    Studies have suggested the supplementation of Zinc and Linoleic acid in the management of neurodegenerative disorders but none has investigated the combined effects. Little is known about the neuroprotective e...

    Authors: Ngala Elvis Mbiydzenyuy, Herbert Izo Ninsiima, Miriela Betancourt Valladares and Constant Anatole Pieme

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:29

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  15. Content type: Research article

    To investigated distinct manifestations of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) patients with neurological complications and the potential risk factors associated with neurological complications in SS, and to produce a dis...

    Authors: Wenjing Ye, Siyan Chen, Xinshi Huang, Wei Qin, Ting Zhang, Xiaofang Zhu, Xiaochun Zhu, Chongxiang Lin and Xiaobing Wang

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:26

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  16. Content type: Research article

    Stroke is among the leading causes of death and disability. Although intense research efforts have provided promising treatment options in animals, most clinical trials in humans have failed and the therapeuti...

    Authors: Edvin Ingberg, Hua Dock, Elvar Theodorsson, Annette Theodorsson and Jakob O. Ström

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:24

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  17. Content type: Research article

    Apoptotic changes after cerebral hemorrhage in brain samples of humans have been found. Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin (CCCK)-18 could be detected in the bloodstream during apoptosis. Higher circulating CCCK-18 l...

    Authors: Leonardo Lorente, María M. Martín, Antonia Pérez-Cejas, Luis Ramos, Mónica Argueso, Jordi Solé-Violán, Juan J. Cáceres, Alejandro Jiménez and Victor García-Marín

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:23

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  18. Content type: Research article

    Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, yet there are limited treatments available. Intranasal administration is a novel non-invasive strategy to deliver cell therapy into the brain. Cell...

    Authors: Monica J. Chau, Todd C. Deveau, Xiaohuan Gu, Yo Sup Kim, Yun Xu, Shan Ping Yu and Ling Wei

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:20

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  19. Content type: Methodology article

    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a clinically and histopathologically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder, in which therapy is hindered by the rapid progression of disease and lack of biomarkers. Ma...

    Authors: Menuka Pallebage-Gamarallage, Sean Foxley, Ricarda A. L. Menke, Istvan N. Huszar, Mark Jenkinson, Benjamin C. Tendler, Chaoyue Wang, Saad Jbabdi, Martin R. Turner, Karla L. Miller and Olaf Ansorge

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:11

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  20. Content type: Research article

    Labor subjects the fetus to an hypoxic episode and concomitant adrenomodullary catecholamine surge that may provide protection against the hypoxic insult. The beta1-adrenergic agonist dobutamine protects again...

    Authors: Tina Markus, David Ley, Stefan R. Hansson, Tadeusz Wieloch and Karsten Ruscher

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:9

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  21. Content type: Research article

    Neuroinflammation and the presence of amyloid beta protein (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles are key pathologies in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As a potent anti-amyloid and anti-inflammatory natural polyphenol, c...

    Authors: Panchanan Maiti, Leela Paladugu and Gary L. Dunbar

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:7

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  22. Content type: Methodology article

    Brain pericytes ensheathe the endothelium and contribute to formation and maintenance of the blood–brain-barrier. Additionally, pericytes are involved in several aspects of the CNS immune response including sc...

    Authors: Justin Rustenhoven, Leon C. Smyth, Deidre Jansson, Patrick Schweder, Miranda Aalderink, Emma L. Scotter, Edward W. Mee, Richard L. M. Faull, Thomas I.-H. Park and Mike Dragunow

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:6

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  23. Content type: Research article

    The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak has linked ZIKV with microcephaly and other central nervous system pathologies in humans. Astrocytes are among the first cells to respond to ZIKV infection in the brain an...

    Authors: Michal Stefanik, Petra Formanova, Tomas Bily, Marie Vancova, Ludek Eyer, Martin Palus, Jiri Salat, Carla Torres Braconi, Paolo M. de A. Zanotto, Ernest A. Gould and Daniel Ruzek

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:5

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  24. Content type: Research article

    Real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a critical tool for evaluating the levels of mRNA transcribed from genes. Reliable RT-qPCR results largely depend on normaliz...

    Authors: Yingbo Kang, Zhuomin Wu, De Cai and Binger Lu

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:3

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  25. Content type: Research article

    Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in brain parenchyma and cerebral blood vessels as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Clusterin, a chaperon protein associated with ...

    Authors: Xue-Mei Qi, Cheng Wang, Xing-Kun Chu, Gen Li and Jian-Fang Ma

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:2

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  26. Content type: Research article

    Activated microglia interact with astrocytes and neuronal cells to induce neuroinflammation, which can contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. To identify the mos...

    Authors: Lalita Subedi, Oh Wook Kwon, Chaeho Pak, Goeun Lee, Kangwoo Lee, Hakwon Kim and Sun Yeou Kim

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:82

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  27. Content type: Research article

    Obesity induced brain inflammation is associated with cognitive disorders. We aimed to investigate the influence of vitamin D on hypothalamus and hippocampus inflammatory response in high-fat diet induced obes...

    Authors: Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi, Mehran Mesgari-Abbasi, Ghazaleh Nameni, Ghazaleh Hajiluian and Parviz Shahabi

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:81

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  29. Content type: Research article

    Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular diseases, including cerebral ischemia. Microvascular dysfunction is an important feature underlying the pathophysiology of cere...

    Authors: Nathalie Obadia, Marcos Adriano Lessa, Anissa Daliry, Raquel Rangel Silvares, Fabiana Gomes, Eduardo Tibiriçá and Vanessa Estato

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:67

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  30. Content type: Research article

    Hair cell loss in the cochlea is caused by ototoxic drugs, aging, and environmental stresses and could potentially lead to devastating pathophysiological effects. In adult mammals, hair cell loss is irreversib...

    Authors: Takahiro Wakasaki, Hiroaki Niiro, Siamak Jabbarzadeh-Tabrizi, Mitsuru Ohashi, Takashi Kimitsuki, Takashi Nakagawa, Shizuo Komune and Koichi Akashi

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:64

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  31. Content type: Research article

    Following partial injury to the central nervous system, cells beyond the initial injury site undergo secondary degeneration, exacerbating loss of neurons, compact myelin and function. Changes in Ca2+ flux are ass...

    Authors: Ryan L. O’Hare Doig, Wissam Chiha, Marcus K. Giacci, Nathanael J. Yates, Carole A. Bartlett, Nicole M. Smith, Stuart I. Hodgetts, Alan R. Harvey and Melinda Fitzgerald

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:62

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  32. Content type: Research article

    In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the loss of the dystrophin component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) compromises plasma membrane integrity in skeletal muscle, resulting in extensive muscle d...

    Authors: Azeez Aranmolate, Nathaniel Tse and Holly Colognato

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:63

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  33. Content type: Research article

    Sesamin is a well-known antioxidant extracted from sesame seeds that exhibits various curative effects. The present study investigated whether sesamin would protect neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against mechanic...

    Authors: Zhiming Xu, Yingliang Liu, Dianxu Yang, Fang Yuan, Jun Ding, Hao Chen and Hengli Tian

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:57

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  34. Content type: Research article

    Systemic inflammation and white matter (WM) alterations have been noted as effects of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study sought to evaluate WM integrity in PD patients using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) an...

    Authors: Pi-Ling Chiang, Hsiu-Ling Chen, Cheng-Hsien Lu, Pei-Chin Chen, Meng-Hsiang Chen, I.-Hsiao Yang, Nai-Wen Tsai and Wei-Che Lin

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:48

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  35. Content type: Research article

    Sirtuins (SIRTs) are NAD+ dependent lysine deacetylases which are conserved from bacteria to humans and have been associated with longevity and lifespan extension. SIRT1, the best studied mammalian SIRT is invol...

    Authors: Preeti Singh, Peter S. Hanson and Christopher M. Morris

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:46

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  36. Content type: Research article

    Mice lacking Kalirin-7 (Kal7KO), a Rho GDP/GTP exchange factor, self-administer cocaine at a higher rate than wildtype mice, and show an exaggerated locomotor response to experimenter-administered cocaine. Kal7, ...

    Authors: Taylor P. LaRese, Yan Yan, Betty A. Eipper and Richard E. Mains

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:45

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  37. Content type: Research article

    Astaxanthin (ATX) is a carotenoid pigment with pleiotropic pharmacological properties that is seen as a possible drug for treating cerebral ischemic injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Na+–K+–2Cl− co-transporter-...

    Authors: Mingkun Zhang, Zhenwen Cui, Hua Cui, Yong Wang and Chunlong Zhong

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:42

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  38. Content type: Research article

    Recent rodent and human studies provide evidence in support of the fact that CD157, well known as bone marrow stromal cell antigen-1 (BST-1) and a risk factor in Parkinson’s disease, also meaningfully acts in ...

    Authors: Haruhiro Higashida, Mingkun Liang, Toru Yoshihara, Shirin Akther, Azam Fakhrul, Cherepanov Stanislav, Tae-Sik Nam, Uh-Hyun Kim, Satoka Kasai, Tomoko Nishimura, Naila Al Mahmuda, Shigeru Yokoyama, Katsuhiko Ishihara, Maria Gerasimenko, Alla Salmina, Jing Zhong…

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:35

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  39. Content type: Research article

    The possibility of using deep brain stimulation (DBS) for memory enhancement has recently been reported, but the precise underlying mechanisms of its effects remain unknown. Our previous study suggested that s...

    Authors: Da Un Jeong, Jihyeon Lee, Won Seok Chang and Jin Woo Chang

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:29

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  40. Content type: Research article

    Synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease or multiple system atrophy are characterized by Lewy bodies in distinct brain areas. These aggregates are mainly formed by α-synuclein inclusions, a protein crucia...

    Authors: R. Rabl, C. Breitschaedel, S. Flunkert, S. Duller, D. Amschl, J. Neddens, V. Niederkofler, E. Rockenstein, E. Masliah, H. Roemer and B. Hutter-Paier

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:22

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  41. Content type: Research article

    TDP-43 aggregates accumulate in individuals affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases, representing potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Using an atomic forc...

    Authors: Stephanie M. Williams, Galam Khan, Brent T. Harris, John Ravits and Michael R. Sierks

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:20

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  42. Content type: Research article

    Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides non-invasive information about the metabolic pattern of the brain parenchyma in vivo. The SpectraClassifier software performs MRS pattern-recognition by determin...

    Authors: Elena Jiménez-Xarrié, Myriam Davila, Ana Paula Candiota, Raquel Delgado-Mederos, Sandra Ortega-Martorell, Margarida Julià-Sapé, Carles Arús and Joan Martí-Fàbregas

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:13

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  43. Content type: Research Article

    The fractalkine/CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) pathway has been identified to play an essential role in the chemotaxis of microglia, leukocyte trafficking and microglia/macrophage recruitment. It has also bee...

    Authors: Gerlinde van der Maten, Vivien Henck, Tadeusz Wieloch and Karsten Ruscher

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:11

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  44. Content type: Research article

    Ultraviolet B irradiation confers strong resistance against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model of multiple sclerosis. This protection by ultraviolet B is independent of vitamin D production but...

    Authors: Amy A. Irving, Steven J. Marling, Lori A. Plum and Hector F. DeLuca

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:8

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  45. Content type: Research Article

    Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the current-state-of-the-art technique to clinically investigate acute (0–24 h) ischemic stroke tissue. However, reduced apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)—cons...

    Authors: Friedrich Wetterling, Eva Chatzikonstantinou, Laurent Tritschler, Stephen Meairs, Marc Fatar, Lothar R. Schad and Saema Ansar

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:82

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  46. Content type: Research Article

    α-Synuclein (αSYN) has been genetically implicated in familial and sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD), and is associated with disease susceptibility, progression and pathology. Excess amounts of αSYN are toxic ...

    Authors: Tatsunori Maekawa, Toshikuni Sasaoka, Sadahiro Azuma, Takafumi Ichikawa, Heather L. Melrose, Matthew J. Farrer and Fumiya Obata

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:77

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  47. Content type: Research Article

    Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a widely used animal model for multiple sclerosis. The characteristic feature of the MOG-EAE model in Brown...

    Authors: Sabine Herold, Prateek Kumar, Klaus Jung, Irina Graf, Henrike Menkhoff, Xenia Schulz, Mathias Bähr and Katharina Hein

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:78

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  48. Content type: Research article

    Sleep disruptions are common in epilepsy patients. Our previous study demonstrates that homeostatic factors and circadian rhythm may mediate epilepsy-induced sleep disturbances when epilepsy occurs at differen...

    Authors: Tzu-Rung Huang, Shuo-Bin Jou, Yu-Ju Chou, Pei-Lu Yi, Chun-Jen Chen and Fang-Chia Chang

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:74

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  49. Content type: Review

    Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases characterized by excessive hyperexcitability of neurons. Molecular mechanisms of epilepsy are diverse and not really understood. All in common is the mi...

    Authors: Helena F. Pernice, Rico Schieweck, Michael A. Kiebler and Bastian Popper

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:73

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  50. Content type: Methodology article

    Cone photoreceptors are specialised sensory retinal neurons responsible for photopic vision, colour perception and visual acuity. Retinal degenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of eye diseases in whic...

    Authors: Antonino Glaviano, Andrew J. Smith, Alfonso Blanco, Sarah McLoughlin, Maria L. Cederlund, Theresa Heffernan, Beata Sapetto-Rebow, Yolanda Alvarez, Jun Yin and Breandán N. Kennedy

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:71

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