Fig. 3

Illustrations of the target-specific scalp-to-cortex distance (SCD) and its variances in early-stage Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and age-matched normal controls (NC). The spatial distributions of the seven treatment targets were demonstrated on the cortical area of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in NC (A) and PD patients (B). Variances in the SCDs of the treatment targets of left DLPFC in PD patients (D) were higher than the SCDs in NC (C) (Grey dotted line represents the mean value of SCD across the seven targets). Data are displayed as mean ± SD.