Similar cortical morphometry trajectories from 5 to 9 years in children with perinatal HIV who started treatment before age 2 years and uninfected controls

Table 3 Regions where children with PHIV have thicker cortex than HIV- controls from age 5 to 9 years at an uncorrected p < 0.005, and regression coefficients from a post-hoc LME analysis performed on regional means of cortical thickness extracted in these clusters for each child at each age for which the child provided data. Numbering of regression coefficients is as per Eq. (2)

Cluster region	MNI coordinates (x,y,z)	Size (mm²)	HIV status effects	Age effects	HIV status by age interactions	Sex effects
Cluster region	MNI coordinates (x,y,z)	Size (mm²)	β₃ (SE) p-value	β₂ (SE) p-value	β₄ (SE) p-value	β₅ (SE); p-value
L Supramarginal	− 59.0, − 46.4, 21.6	245	0.38 (0.11) < 0.001	− 0.05 (0.01) < 0.001	0.02 (0.01) 0.11	− 0.07 (0.06) 0.21
L Insula	− 32.9, 15.0, − 1.3	124	0.38 (0.16) < 0.001	− 0.06 (0.02) < 0.001	0.02 (0.02) 0.31	− 0.13 (0.07) 0.05
L Lateral orbitofrontal	− 18.0, 24.6, − 18.9	120	0.20 (0.10) < 0.001	− 0.05 (0.01) < 0.001	0.01 (0.01) 0.63	0.06 (0.04) 0.17
L Banks of Superior Temporal Sulcus	− 53.0, − 41.8, 8.6	77	0.33 (0.16) < 0.001	− 0.06 (0.01) < 0.001	0.02 (0.02) 0.46	− 0.06 (0.07) 0.34
R Medial Superior frontal	12.9, 25.3, 29.5	504	0.19 (0.08) < 0.001	− 0.02 (0.01) < 0.001	− 0.0002 (0.01) 0.98	− 0.05 (0.04) 0.19
R Insula	37.2, − 3.8, − 0.4	314	0.20 (0.12) < 0.001	− 0.03 (0.01) < 0.001	− 0.03 (0.01) 0.04	0.01 (0.05) 0.79

L Left; R Right; β unstandardised regression coefficients from LME model (Eq. 2); SE standard error; p-values are uncorrected

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