Fig. 2
Colour map of the vertex-wise regression coefficients of the effect on cortical thickness of A, B HIV status [β3 in Eq. (2)] and C age by HIV status interactions [β4 in Eq. (2)], respectively. In A and B, positive regression coefficients (red/yellow) indicate thicker cortex in CPHIV compared to uninfected controls and negative coefficients (cyan/blue) thinner cortex. In C, positive regression coefficients (red/yellow) indicate a greater rate of change of cortical thickness from age 5 to 9 years in CPHIV than uninfected controls, and negative coefficients (cyan/blue) indicate a slower rate of change. The colour bar scale in each figure indicates the effect size (Cohen’s d). While the scales in A and C extend to effect sizes required for significance at FDR-corrected p-values, the scale in B has been right censored to highlight clusters showing group differences that survive at uncorrected p < 0.005. For HIV status, effect sizes ≥ 0.06 and ≥ 0.29 are significant at uncorrected and FDR corrected p = 0.05, respectively. For age by HIV status interactions, effect sizes ≥ 0.09 and ≥ 0.31 are significant at uncorrected and FDR corrected p = 0.05, respectively. (N = 141: PHIV = 75, HIV − = 66)