Fig. 5

RORA agonist and SOD mimetic reverse maternal diabetes-mediated gastrointestinal dysfunction. Dams were treated by control (CTL/VEH), diabetes (STZ/VEH), diabetes plus SOD mimetic MnTBAP (STZ/MnTBAP), or diabetes plus RORA agonist SR1078 (STZ/SR1078) during pregnancy, and GI functions of male offspring were evaluated. a–d The IEC cells were isolated to evaluate cytokine secretion, n = 9; a IL-1β secretion; b IL-6 secretion; c MCP1 secretion; d IL17A secretion. e Intestinal permeability assay by FITC-dextran, n = 5. f–j Gut microbiota analysis, n = 9; f overview of the identified relative frequencies of different phyla found in treated mice; g species richness; h species diversity; i relative abundance of Mucispirillumn at genus level; j relative abundance of different bacteria in phylum level. The one-way ANOVA analysis was performed to determine statistical significance of different groups. *P < 0.05, vs. CTL/VEH group; ^¶P < 0.05, vs. STZ/VEH group. Data were expressed as mean ± SD