Fig. 1
From: Metformin attenuates LPS-induced neuronal injury and cognitive impairments by blocking NF-κB pathway
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment triggers cognitive deficits in rats. A Experimental design sketch. B The open field showed no difference in the total distance covered. C, D Novel object recognition test (NOR) showed the measured recognition index of the new object in 2 h (C) and 24 h (D). E, F Fear condition test showed the freezing time for 2 h (E) and 24 h (F). Morris water maze (MWM) showed the latency to find the hidden platform (G). Spatial memory was tested with the platform removed.The time in the target quadrant (H) and the number of target platform crossing (I) were recorded. n = 10. p value significance is calculated from a T-test, and data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs control group