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Fig. 2 | BMC Neuroscience

Fig. 2

From: Homeostatic sleep regulation in the absence of the circadian sleep‐regulating component: effect of short light–dark cycles on sleep–wake stages and slow waves

Fig. 2

Effect of 6-h gentle handling total sleep deprivation on slow wave sleep and delta power during LD12:12 (n = 6) and LD1:1 (n = 5) conditions. The figure depicts only the data of the recovery period after SD (R1–R16 hours). a–e: LD12:12 data, panel F-J: LD1:1 data. a, f: Hourly average of slow wave sleep times during baseline (grey line) and after sleep deprivation (black line). b and g: Changes of normalized delta (1–4 Hz) power expressed as percentage of corresponding baseline. Grey lines: baseline; black lines: after SD. c and h: Slow wave sleep times (min/h) in the consecutive hours of the R1–R6 period. In LD12:12, the R1–R6 period consisted bright hours only (c) while in LD1:1, R1–R3-R5 hours were bright and R2-R4-R6 hours were dark (h). d and i Slow wave sleep times in blocks containing the sum of the times of three different hours taken from the baseline (hours 7, 9, 11 and hours 8, 10, 12) and from the recovery period (R1, R3, R5 and R2, R4, R6 hours). Panel e and j: summarized amount of slow wave sleep at the end of the light phase (hour CT12) during the baseline LD12:12 and LD1:1 conditions and after total SD (hour R6). The column pair at the right side show summarized slow wave sleep time at the end of the day during baseline and after total SD. Black and white bars at the x axis show the illumination pattern in the different hours. Significance was tested with two-way ANOVA with time and treatment as factors, followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons test. Summarized SWS sleep times during the first- and in the second half of the day depicted on E and J were compared using Welch’s t-test. Significance levels: *, # - p < 0.05; **, ##- p < 0.01; ***, ### - p < 0.001. Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M

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