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Fig. 1 | BMC Neuroscience

Fig. 1

From: Homeostatic sleep regulation in the absence of the circadian sleep‐regulating component: effect of short light–dark cycles on sleep–wake stages and slow waves

Fig. 1

Sleep–wake parameters during baseline LD12:12 (n = 6) and baseline LD1:1 (n = 5) conditions. Line A: wakefulness, line B: slow wave sleep, line C: REM sleep. a/1, b/1, c/1: hourly averages of the times spent in the given vigilance stage. Thin black line: LD12:12; thick grey line: LD1:1. a/2, b/2, c/2: hourly averages of the times spent in the given vigilance stage calculated from the 24-h data in LD12:12- and in LD1:1 conditions. a/3, b/3, c/3: summarized time spent in the given vigilance stage during the first- and the second half of the day (CT1-CT12 hours and CT13-CT24 hours) in LD12:12- and in LD1:1 conditions. a/4, b/4, c/4: summarized time spent in the given vigilance stage during the whole day (24-h) in LD12:12- and LD1:1 conditions. a/5, b/5, c/5: hourly averages of the times spent in the given vigilance stage averaged separately for the light- (CT1, CT3, etc.) and for the dark hours (CT2, CT4, etc.) in LD1:1 condition. Black bars: average of the whole period (bright hours vs. dark hours); grey bars: average in the separate hours. SEM values are not depicted on panel a/5, b/5 and c/5. Black and white bars at the x axis of the panels a/1, b/1 and c/1 show the illumination pattern in the different hours. Grey asterisks (*) indicate significant deviation from the corresponding control (LD12:12) data (a/1, b/1, c/1) or indicate significance difference between the data derived from different time periods (LD12:12 baseline vs. LD1:1; a/2-a/4, b/2-b/4, c/2-c/4) or showing significant difference between the values belonging to light vs. dark hours (a/5, b/5, c/5). Significance was tested with two-way ANOVA with time and treatment as factors, followed by Sidak's multiple comparisons test. Sleep–wake times in light vs. dark hours in the LD1:1 condition depicted on a/5, b/5 and c/5 were compared using Welch’s t-test. Significance levels: *—p < 0.05; **—p < 0.01; ***—p < 0.001. Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M

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