Fig. 5

Effects of ISL on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS. Quantitative analysis by ELISA demonstrates the protein expression level of a TNF-α, b IL-1β, c IL-6 and d CCL3 in the hippocampal homogenates. e Quantitative analysis by qRT-PCR demonstrates the mRNA levels of COX-2 and iNOS in the hippocampal homogenates. Values are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6). **p < 0.01 vs. normal group, ^#p < 0.05 and ^##p < 0.01 vs. LPS group