Fig. 1
From: Cognitive and emotional alterations in App knock-in mouse models of Aβ amyloidosis
Anxiety-related behaviors in AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F and AppNL/NL mice assessed by the elevated plus maze task. Anxiety-related behaviors were assessed at both 6–9 (a–h) and 15–18 (i–p) months of age. At 6–9 months of age, AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice exhibited slightly increased levels of open arm exploration than WT mice, as indicated by the percentages of time spent on (a) and entries into (b) the open arms in the first trial. AppNL/NL and WT mice showed similar levels of open arm exploration. General exploratory activity in AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice was also slightly increased in comparison with WT mice (c). AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice persistently explored the open arms throughout the 10-min test, in contrast to the WT and AppNL/NL mice (d). In the second trial, AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice spent more time on (e) and entered more often into (f) the open arms than WT mice, with a slight increase in general activity (g). WT, AppNL/NL and AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice did not exhibit elevated avoidance responses to the open arms throughout the test in the second trial (h). At 15–18 months of age, AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice exhibited slight increases in open arm exploration in comparison with WT mice in the first trial, whereas AppNL/NL mice exhibited reduced levels of the exploration (i and j). General exploratory activity in AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice was slightly increased in comparison with WT mice (k). WT and AppNL/NL mice exhibited elevated open arm avoidance as the test progressed, whereas AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice did not (l). In the second trial, AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice spent more time on (m) and entered more often into (n) the open arms than WT mice. AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice also exhibited an elevation in general activity during the test (o). WT, AppNL/NL and AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice did not exhibit elevated avoidance responses to the open arms throughout the test in the second trial (p). 6–9 month-old; n = 8 WT (B6J), n = 8 AppNL/NL, n = 8 AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F. 15–18 month-old; n = 12 WT (B6J), n = 10 AppNL/NL, n = 11 AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 versus WT (B6J), †p < 0.05; ††p < 0.01; †††p < 0.001 versus AppNL/NL