Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure and restraint stress induce changes on the brain lipid profile of Wistar rats

Table 1 Effects of ELF-EMF chronic exposure and RS on total lipids, total cholesterol, polar lipids and NEFAS in brain regions

Parameter	Group	Brain region
Parameter	Group	Cortex	Cerebellum	Subcortical structures
Total lipids (TL, mg/g wet weight)	C	60.5 ± 9.6	59.6 ± 3.7	70.5 ± 10.0
	RS	46.6 ± 8.7**	47.6 ± 5.7	47.4 ± 5.9*
	ELF-EMF	53.4 ± 7.3	71.4 ± 10.3^&	59.3 ± 4.7*
	RS + ELF-EMF	42.3 ± 7.5**	55.6 ± 10.2	33.6 ± 5.6^$,#
Total cholesterol (TC, μg/mg TL)	C	159.7 ± 1.0	188.3 ± 27.5	99.0 ± 18.6
	RS	169.6 ± 9.7	182.0 ± 25.4	101.8 ± 13.3
	ELF-EMF	194.3 ± 10.6*^,&	148.5 ± 42.7	144.3 ± 35.0
	RS + ELF-EMF	198.6 ± 24.8*^,&	173.0 ± 34.4	194.3 ± 67.6*^,&
Polar lipids (POL, μg/mg TL)	C	753.5 ± 10.4	763.6 ± 73.6	831.2 ± 23.7
	RS	745.2 ± 14.0	714.0 ± 39.4	839.5 ± 14.2
	ELF-EMF	716.5 ± 22.5*	771.7 ± 56.6	786.9 ± 50.8
	RS + ELF-EMF	720.5 ± 26.0*	731.7 ± 48.2	729.4 ± 74.5*,^&
NEFAs (μg/mg TL)	C	10.6 ± 1.9	16.5 ± 7.6	7.6 ± 2.2
	RS	9.3 ± 1.3	25.8 ± 9.4	9.5 ± 3.2
	ELF-EMF	9.9 ± 2.7	15.1 ± 3.8	10.4 ± 2.5
	RS + ELF-EMF	9.4 ± 3.5	15.0 ± 6.3	15.7 ± 4.3*^,#

Results are expressed as mean ± SD of 6 animals in each group. For total lipids: **p < 0.01 versus control group, *p < 0.05 versus RS and RS + EMF groups, ^$p < 0.05 versus C group, and ^#p < 0.05 versus RS and EMF groups; for total cholesterol and polar lipids: *p < 0.05 versus control group and ^&p < 0.05 versus RS group; and NEFAS: *p < 0.01 versus control group and, ^#p < 0.05 versus RS and EMF groups

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