Fig. 1

ERPs (upper panel, a and scalp topographic plots (lower panel, b for the N1 and P3 components as well as the MMN and the P3 of the difference waveforms (“Deviant” minus “ Standard”) for the passive listening condition. a The topographic plot shows ERP waveforms from 9 electrode sites (from frontal to posterior regions). ERP waveforms show the N1 and the P3 components with significantly higher amplitudes (more negative for the N1 and more positive for the P3) in response to deviants (pure tones with a frequency of 1000 Hz) as compared to standards (pure tones with a frequency of 500 Hz) during the passive listening condition. Furthermore, the P3 is elicited by deviants, but not in response to standards. b The scalp topographies of the N1 and P3 as well as the MMN and P3 (extracted difference wave) are shown in more detail. Reddish colors of the scalp indicate positive ERP values, whereas bluish colors indicate negative ERP values. In addition, the transparent EEG montage arrays (right panels) show statistically significant electrode sites as indicated by red dots (after comparison for multiple comparisons with FDR). In addition, topographic plots of the MMN and P3 peaks as difference potentials are shown (right panel). FDR false discovery rate, MMN mismatch negativity, negative is plotted up, positive is plotted downwards