Study | Sample (age, mean ± SD) | Cognitive assessment (score ± SD) | CVR in participants | CVR and cognition |
---|---|---|---|---|
Calviere et al. [34] | 10 MMD (40.4, 8 female), 6 with DCS | Executive function  TMT B  Letter and category fluency  Stroop interference  Brixton test  WISC-C  WISC-P Attention and processing speed  TMT A  Coloured dots and words Stroop | CVR < DCS than no DCS | Frontal CVR reduced in cognitively impaired patients, temporoparietal CVR was not different between DCS and no DCS |
Cantin et al. [13] | 7 MCI (64.1 ± 9.0, 2 female) 9 AD (71.1 ± 6.7, 5 female) 11 HC (65.4 ± 9.3, 6 female) | MMSE  MCI 27.4 ± 1.8  AD 21.7 ± 2.2  HC 29.5 ± 0.5 CDR | HC > MCI = AD | CVR correlated with MMSE score in all regions examined |
Chung et al. [32] | 35 T2DM (65.1 ± 8.0) 30 HC (67.1 ± 10.4) 33 female whole sample 2-year follow-up: 40ppts, 19 T2DM | MMSE (not analysed with CVR) HVLT-R (verbal learning and memory function) ROCF (visual–spatial ability and visual memory function) TMT A & B (executive function) VF (executive function) IADL scale Composite learning and memory T score (average of HVLT-R and ROCF) Composite executive function (average of VF and TMT) T2DM Baseline: 47.5 ± 8.3 2-year follow up: 44.6 ± 10.5 HC baseline: 52.1 ± 7.6 2-year follow up: 56.5 ± 9.9 | No significant CVR differences between T2DM and HC at baseline or 2-year follow up | Controls: no significant association between CVR and executive function Decreased CVR associated with decline in executive function in T2DM Regional CVR associated with executive function in frontal and parietal lobes in T2DM |
Gauthier et al. [33] | 31 younger (24 ± 3, 10 female) 54 older (63 ± 5, 37 female) | MMSE (values not reported) Modified Stroop task (executive function) | Frontal CVR lower in older group, but not significant | Frontal BOLD CVR not associated with Stroop performance |
Glodzik et al. [37] | 7 MCI (73.4 ± 8.2, 10 female) 17 HC (69.8 ± 6.9, 32 female) | MMSE  MCI 27.5 ± 2.4  HC 29.2 ± 1.0 Brief Cognitive Rating Scale GDS | HC > MCI | CVR not related to MMSE, age, or regional brain volumes, in either the entire sample or in HC and MCI subgroups |
Metzger et al. [36] | 33 MS patients, 12 CI (41 ± 6.27, 7 female), 21 CN (39 ± 5.9114 female) 22 HC (41 ± 6.48, 13 female) | BCcogSEP (short term memory, visual memory, digit spans, working memory, processing speed, go-no-go test, executive function) | Overall MS = HC CI < CN | CVR lower in cognitively impaired patients in whole brain and all regions examined |
Richiardi et al. [31] | 15 MCI (71 ± 10, 9 female) 20 AD (76 ± 7, 10 female) 28 HC (73 ± 7, 18 female) | MMSE  MCI 28 ± 2  AD 25 ± 3  HC 29 ± 1 | AD and MCI slower CVR velocity | CVR correlated with MMSE in 10 regions of the DMN |
Tchistiakova et al. [10] | 18 HTN + T2DM (71.8 ± 5.6, 7 female) 22 HTN only (73.4 ± 6.2), 12 female) | TMT A (processing speed) CVLT (memory) WCST (executive function) | Compared to HTN, HTN + T2DM had decreased CVR in frontal and parietal areas | No significant associations between CVR and cognitive function |
Thomas et al. [35] | 44 MCI (64 ± 6.6, 26 female) 28 HC (65.6 ± 6.8, 15 female) | MMSE  MCI 28.9 ± 1.4  HC 29 ± 1.0 LM (immediate and delayed recall) TMT A & B (executive function) CVLT (memory) | MCI = HC | No significant differences in whole brain grey matter CVR between MCI and HC |
Yezhuvath et al. [30] | 12 AD (68.7 ± 8.4, 10 female) 13 HC (70.5 ± 8.3, 4 female) | MMSE  AD 22.8 ± 4.1  HC 29.6 ± 0.7 CERAD battery CDR BNT (language ability) | HC > AD Compared with controls, AD patients had reduced CVR in rostral brain | CVR in frontal lobe and insula (the primary CVR deficit regions) not related to global cognitive function Significant correlation between CVR and Boston Naming Test score in the frontal and insula regions in AD patients |