Table 1 Regions of the brain involved in pTDP-43 staging system in ALS and bvFTD

Grey matter

Precentral gyrus (motor cortex)

Stage 1

Pattern III

Brainstem

 Hypoglossal nucleus

Stage 1

Pattern III

 Precerebellar nuclei/red nucleus

Stage 2

Pattern II

Middle frontal gyrus

Stage 2

Pattern II

Cingulate—anterior

Stage 2/3

Pattern II/III

Postcentral gyrus (somatosensory cortex)

Stage 3

Pattern III

Orbitofrontal cortex

 Orbital gyrus

Stage 3 

Pattern I 

 Gyrus rectus

Stage 3 

Pattern I 

Striatum

Stage 3

Pattern II

Hippocampal formation

Stage 4

Pattern II

Occipital pole

Not affected

Pattern IV

White matter tracts

Corticospinal tract

Stage 1*

Pattern III*

Cingulum

Not affected [27]

Affected*

Fornix

Not assessed

Affected*

Corpus callosum

Affected*

Affected*