Fig. 5

Loss of JNK-1 disrupts C. elegans sleep. a Loss of jnk-1 results in daf-16-dependent increased sleep. jnk-1(gk7) and daf-16(mgDf50) are loss of function alleles. p ≤ 0.05 wild type versus jnk-1(gk7), p ≤ 0.01 jnk-1(gk7) versus daf-16(mgDf50);jnk-1(gk7) assessed by student’s two tailed t-test. Wild type n = 13, daf-16(mgDf50) n = 12, jnk-1(gk7) n = 11, daf-16(mgDf50);jnk-1(gk7) n = 12. b daf-16 loss does not ameliorate jnk-1 arousal threshold defects during sleep bouts. Percent response for three trials, n = 30. p ≤ 0.05 wild type versus jnk-1(gk7), assessed by one way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post hoc-test; error bars respresent the SEM. c jip-1 loss results in increased sleep. jip-1(gk133506) and jip-1(gk941205) are partial loss of function alleles. Analysis as in panel A; p ≤ 0.001versus wild type. Wild type n = 13, jip-1(gk133506) n = 12, jip-1(gk941205) n = 10. d jnk-1 is required in neurons to regulate sleep. Transgenic jnk-1(gk7) animals with aex-3 promoter expressing either GFP or jnk-1 cDNA expression were tested. Significance as in panel A. aex-3p::gfp;jnk-1(gk7) n = 8 and aex-3p::jnk-1cDNA;jnk-1(gk7) n = 13. e daf-16 function is required in muscles for increased sleep in jnk-1 animals. DAF-16 was expressed under the control of a neuron or muscle-specific promoter in daf-16(mgDf50); jnk-1(gk7) animals. p ≤ 0.01 jnk-1(gk7) to daf-16(mgDf50);jnk-1(gk7), p ≤ 0.001 DAF-16 muscle rescue versus control. daf-16(mgD50) n = 12, jnk-1(gk7) n = 11, daf-16(mgDf50);jnk-1(gk7) n = 12, Punc-119:daf-16(mgDf50) n = 14, Punc-119:daf-16(mgDf50);jnk-1(gk7) n = 12, Pmyo-3:daf-16(mgDf50) n = 10, Pmyo-3:daf-16(mgDf50);jnk-1(gk7) n = 12. Significance as in panel A. f jnk-1 and lag-2 both contribute to regulate sleep quantity. Analysis as in panel A; p ≤ 0.03 wild type versus jnk-1(gk7), p ≤ 0.05 wild type versus lag-2(q420), p ≤ 0.01 jnk-1(gk7);lag-2(q420) versus jnk-1(gk7) and lag-2(q420). Wild type n = 12, lag-2(q420) n = 13, jnk-1(gk7) n = 11, jnk-1(gk7);lag-2(q420) n = 20. Significance as in panel A. g Loss of both jnk-1 and lag-2 further decreases arousal thresholds during sleep bouts. Analysis as in B, three independent trials, n = 30 animals