Fig. 4

Neuroprotection of compound 3 in LPS-activated microglia in N2a cells. BV-2 microglial cells were pretreated with 5, 10, and 20 µM compound 3 for 30 min and stimulated with 100 ng/mL of LPS for 24 h. After 24 h of LPS treatment, the conditioned media (CM) were collected and transferred to N2a cells. After 24 h, MTT assay was done in the same CM treated N2a cells (a) and FACS analysis (b–h). An annexin V/PI apoptosis kit was used to quantify the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis and necrosis (x-axis, annexin V; y-axis, PI) by using FACS analysis. CM-LPS treatment alone induced apoptosis and necrosis in N2a cells (g, h). All data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001; and ^###P < 0.001 indicates significant differences compared with the CM-LPS group. Here Ctl indicates untreated control and LPS indicates lipopolysaccharide