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Fig. 3 | BMC Neuroscience

Fig. 3

From: Transnasal delivery of human A-beta peptides elicits impaired learning and memory performance in wild type mice

Fig. 3

Impact of transnasally delivered A-beta peptides on fear conditioning memory. a Schematic representation of the fear conditioning experiments with stimulus sequences, and variable training-test intervals. Animals were treated for three consecutive days with A-beta 42 peptides administered to the nose or with solvent control. On the second application day, mice underwent one training session with 180 s habituation, presentation of the conditioned stimulus (CS, tone, 30 s) with a mild foot shock within the last two seconds (US: unconditioned stimulus). The following day (third treatment day), mice were subjected to (1) context-dependent retention test (similar test situation without any stimulus), and (2) tone-dependent retention test (new context with CS presentation). b Cue-dependent fear conditioning related analysis in FVB/N mice either with A-beta 42 (black bar) or solvent treatment (white bar). The diagram represents total time of freezing behavior in the conditioned stimulus presentation (in %) ± SEM (n = 5 for each group) (**p < 0.01). c Fear conditioning related analysis in C57Bl6/J mice treated with A-beta 42 peptides (black bars, n = 7) or control animals (white bars, n = 13). The diagram represents total time of freezing behavior (%) ± SEM. Significant effects (p < 0.01) are indicated by **

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