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Table 2 Demographic and behavioral data

From: The anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex are associated with avoidance of dental treatment based on prior experience of treatment in healthy adults

 

Mean

SD

Min

Max

p valuea

(A) ‘Dental fear’ experiment (n = 17)*

 Gender (male/female)

9/8

    

 Age (years)b

24.2

2.0

20

27

 

 Dental avoidance2

  Experience-based

2.6

1.4

0.6

5.6

0.06

  Imagination-basedc

3.8

2.6

0

7.5

 MDAS scoreb

13.6

3.9

9

20

 

 Elicited fearb

5.0

1.7

3.0

8.9

 

(B) ‘Resting state’ experiment (n = 18)

 Gender (male/female)

9/9

    

 Age (years)b

24.5

2.1

22

29

 

 Dental avoidance2

  Experience-based

2.5

1.7

0.8

5.9

0.07

  Imagination-based

3.4

2.4

0

7.5

 
 

Dental avoidance

MDAS score

Elicited fear

Experience-based

Imagination-based

(C) Correlation of the variables from the ‘Dental fear’ experiment

 Age (years)

−0.298

−0.405

−0.123

0.020

 Dental avoidance

    

  Experience-based

 

0.396

0.763***

0.551*

  Imagination-based

  

0.344

0.250

 MDAS score

   

0.711**

  1. MDAS Modified Dental Anxiety Scale, SD standard deviation
  2. * Denotes the p value of two-tailed Pearson correlation coefficient <0.05; ** p value < 0.01; *** p value <0.001
  3. aTwo-tailed paired t-test was performed from comparing between the ‘experience-based’ and the ‘imagination-based’ scores
  4. bNormality was assessed according to the the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for normal distribution; normality was accepted if p > 0.05. The patients’ age, the scores of dental avoidance, MDAS, and elicited fear conformed to normal distribution
  5. cTwo participants did not complete the dental avoidance ratings based on imagination