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Fig. 3 | BMC Neuroscience

Fig. 3

From: Exogenous α-synuclein induces toll-like receptor 4 dependent inflammatory responses in astrocytes

Fig. 3

αSYN treatment induces TLR4 dependent nuclear translocation of NF-κB in primary astrocytes. a Primary astrocyte-rich cultures from littermate Tlr4 +/+ and Tlr4 −/− mice were treated with indicated concentrations of LPS (as positive control) and recombinant human αSYN for 6 h or left untreated. The cells were fixed and immunostained using an antibody specific for p65 (green). Nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). Images were obtained with 25× objective using Axioimager microscope equipped with ApoTome Imaging system (Carl Zeiss). Scale bars correspond to 20 µm. b p65/NF-κB positive versus total cells were quantified from images as shown in (a). 200–400 cells per sample were analyzed. Error bars show standard deviation, *p < 0.05 (Student’s t test), n is indicated in the figure

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