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Figure 3 | BMC Neuroscience

Figure 3

From: Increase in the extracellular glutamate level during seizures and electrical stimulation determined using a high temporal resolution technique

Figure 3

Representative experiment in which glutamate (Glu) was simultaneously measured with EEG in the first experimental group. The temporal course represents the Glu measured in arbitrary fluorescence units (AFU) every five seconds and the intracranial EEG recording obtained from different evaluated regions (right and left anterior hippocampus: RAH and LAH, respectively; right and left posterior hippocampus: RPH and LPH, respectively; d, deep microelectrode positioned at a 1.5 mm vertical tip separation from its pair) in 15-s segments during the administration of 1) low-potassium artificial cerebrospinal fluid (LPCSF), 2) high-potassium artificial cerebrospinal fluid (HPCSF), 3) LPCSF, 4) LPCSF + electrical stimulation (ES; duration: 0.1 ms; current: 0.5 mA every 10 s), 5) LPCSF, and 6) LPCSF + bicuculline (BIC, 8 mg/kg, i.p.). The plot in the inset corresponds to the mean (±SEM) of the Glu concentration in μM during the different evaluated protocols (n = 5). The value in each bar was obtained by averaging 10 min of sampling (120 samples). •Onset of epileptiform activity; †time of death of the animal while seizing; *p < 0.05 vs. other protocols.

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