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Table 1 Patient Group and Subgroup Description

From: Serum anticholinergic activity and cerebral cholinergic dysfunction: An EEG study in frail elderly with and without delirium

(mean ± SD)

Cognitively Unimpaired

n = 15

Dementia

n = 31

Delirium with Dementia

n = 15

All patients

n = 61

Statistics

Age

86.9 ± 4.0

86.3 ± 4.8

85.3 ± 4.6

86.2 ± 4.5

F(2,58) = 0,46; p = 0,44

CIRS

26.6 ± 4.8

30.5 ± 4.4

31.7 ± 5.5

29.9 ± 4.9

F(2,58) = 0,74; p = 0,48

Dementia type (n)

AD/mixed/VaD

---

19/9/3 61/29/10%

9/5/1 60/33/7%

28/14/4 61/29/8% *

 

Medication amount

(Median, range)

5.1 ± 2.7

(5.0; 1–12)

5.3 ± 2.5

(5.0; 1–10)

5.7 ± 2.3

(6.0; 3–9)

5.4 ± 2.5

(5.0; 1–12)

F(2,58) = 0,23; p = 0,79

delirogenic medication

(Median, range)

1.6 ± 1.6

(1.0; 0–4)

1.8 ± 1.1

(2.0; 0–4)

2.5 ± 1.4

(2.0; 0–5)

1.9 ± 1.3

(2.0; 0–5)

F(2,58) = 0,20; p = 0,15

Acute Infection

1/7%

7/22%

3/20%

11/18%

H (2,61) = 1.755; p = 0.42

days in hospital

20.5 ± 17.1

15.1 ± 6.8

18.1 ± 7.2

17.2 ± 10.4

F(2,58) = 1,43; p = 0,25

Barthel admission

62.5 ± 31.2

33.7 ± 24.3

45.0 ± 18.1

43.9 ± 27.2

F(2,52) = 6.17; p < 0.005

CU >> D; CU > DD

-ADL discharge

75.8 ± 29.0

47.7 ± 31.7

61.7 ± 25.1

59.0 ± 31.2

F(2,44) = 3.78; p < 0.05

CU > D

IQCODE (norm < 3.3)

3.1 ± 0.2

4.2 ± 0.6

4.2 ± 0.7

4.2 ± 0.7

F(2,43) = 3.93; p < 0.03

CU < D, CU < DD

Delirium Index

(range 0 – 21)

2.5 ± 0.7

6.2 ± 4.0

8.7 ± 4.5

6.4 ± 1.1

H (2, 46) = 7,15 p =,028

CU < D < DD

MMSE (norm > 28 P)

28.8 ± 1.8

16.7 ± 7.5

14.4 ± 6.0

19.1 ± 8.3

H (2,61) = 32.52; p < 0.001

CU >> D; CU >> DD

SPMSQ (norm < 2)

0.6 ± 0.9

4.7 ± 2.8

6.4 ± 2.7

4.1 ± 3.2

H(2,60) = 27.24; p < 0.0001

CU << D, CU << DD

SAA in pmol/ml

(w/o extremes > 2SD)

9.33 ± 4.44

(9.33 ± 4.44)

11.03 ± 6.15

(10.27 ± 4.62)

12.25 ± 10.53

(9.77 ± 4.47)

10.91 ± 7.12

(9.91 ± 4.48)

F(2,57) = 0,71; p = 0,50

F(2,55) = 0,62; p = 0,54

  1. Mean ± SD are shown. AD = Alzheimer Dementia, mixed = AD with vascular pathology, VaD = Vascular Dementia, SAA = Serum Anticholinergic Activity,. CIRS = Cumulative Illness Rating Scale, IQCODE = Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline, SPMSQ = Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, MMSE = Mini Mental State Examination, Barthel-ADL = Activities of Daily Living. * n = 46 demented patients ANOVA/Kruskal-Willis statistics and posthoc-testing, with < or > giving the direction of the difference at a significance level of p < 0.01; >> or << specifies direction at a higher significance level of p < 0.001