Table 1 Activation of brain areas associated with aggressive motivation

retrosplenial cortex

26 (10, 61)

50 (26, 99)**

5.0 ± 0.3

10.5 ± 0.5*

orbital cortex refs [30, 31, 203]

9 (1, 14)

19 (4, 44)*

3.0 ± 0.2

4.1 ± 0.2

auditory cortex

20 (4, 61)

38 (23, 51)*

4.3 ± 0.5

10.1 ± 0.6

somatosensory cortex

114 (16, 266)

221 (141, 392)*

3.7 ± 0.3

11.9 ± 1.1

prelimbic cortex refs [30, 31, 203–205]

2 (0, 11)

8 (2, 25)*

1.7 ± 0.1

3.5 ± 0.2*

CA1 hippocampus refs [21, 30]

27 (10, 67)

46 (32, 110)*

3.1 ± 0.2

5.7 ± 0.2*

dentate gyrus refs [21, 30, 206]

20 (3, 48)

32 (22, 80)**

2.8 ± 0.2

5.2 ± 0.2*

cortical n. amygdala refs [28, 207–210]

14 (5, 29)

23 (14, 52)*

4.6 ± 0.3

7.8 ± 0.3*

basal n. amygdala ref [27]

4 (1, 11)

10 (2, 17)**

3.1 ± 0.2

4.3 ± 0.2

medial n. amygdala refs [27–29, 205–207, 209–216]

1 (0, 6)

3 (0, 9)*

2.7 ± 0.2

4.6 ± 0.2

bed n. stria terminalis refs [25, 27, 29, 30, 205–208, 211–214, 217]

2 (0, 5)

6 (2, 16)*

3.4 ± 0.3

5.1 ± 0.2

lateral post. n. thalamus

2 (0, 9)

8 (2, 11)**

1.6 ± 0.2

4.2 ± 0.2*

anterior n. thalamus

3 (0, 6)

6 (2, 12)**

1.4 ± 0.2

4.9 ± 0.2**

ventral pallidum

5 (0, 17)

11 (6, 21)*

2.2 ± 0.2

4.1 ± 0.2

lateral hypothalamus refs [25, 29, 32, 42, 44–48, 178, 211, 212, 214, 217–225]

10 (3, 26)

25 (6, 54)*

3.1 ± 0.3

5.7 ± 0.2*

PVN hypothalamus refs [205–207, 211, 213, 214, 217]

1 (0, 2)

3 (1, 5)*

2.0 ± 0.1

3.8 ± 0.1