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Figure 2 | BMC Neuroscience

Figure 2

From: Evidence for a wide extra-astrocytic distribution of S100B in human brain

Figure 2

GFAP- and S100B-single immunostaining. (a) GFAP immunohistochemistry of the border between temporal cortex and adjacent white matter selectively labels star-shaped astrocytes and their processes. Blood vessels appear to be GFAP-positive because of their close association with pericapillary endfeet. (b) In contrast, various glial cell types are expressing S100B in this brain region, such as star-shaped cells with astrocytic morphology (black arrow) and spheroid cells with oligodendrocytic morphology (white arrow). (c) S100B stained astrocytic end feet (arrow: glial perivascular membrane) surround vascular endothelial cells. (d) "Pearl necklet" alignment of S100B positive (black arrow) and negative (white arrow) cells with oligodendrocytic morphology are associated with fibre tracts of the corpus callosum. Cytoplasmic and nuclear distribution of S100B is shown in the detail-picture. (e) The ependymal layer [E] around the lateral ventricle shows only weak GFAP staining, whereas the subependymal layer [S] shows intense staining of astrocytes and astrocytic processes. (f) Strongly S100B immunopositive ependymal [E] and subependymal [S] layers around the lateral ventricle. (g) Ependymal cells of the choroid plexus do not express GFAP but are heavily stained for S100B (h); some S100B-positive cells display apical secrete granules; arrows indicate cells with cytoplasmic versus cytoplasmic and nuclear S100B expression. (i) S100B immunopositive CA1 hippocampal neurone. Neurones are rarely S100B positive. (k) S100B immunopositive lymphocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. The detail picture shows a S100B stained lymphocyte from a blood smear. Bars: a, b = 100 μm; d, e, f, g, h, I, k = 50 μm; c, d (detail), k (detail) = 20 μm.

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