Table 1 Stimulus examples

Correct canonical condition

Ichi wa no kamo ga

1 [bird] [gen.] duck [nom.]

ni hiki no nezumi o

2 [small-animal] [gen.] mouse [acc.]

tobikoeru tokoro desu.

jump over take place.

Correct non-canonical condition

Ichi wa no hato o

1 [bird] [gen.] pigeon [acc.]

ni hiki no neko ga

2 [small-animal] [gen.] cat [nom.]

tobikoeru tokoro desu.

jump over take place.

Double nominative case violation

Ichi wa no kamo ga

1 [bird] [gen.] duck [nom.]

ni hiki no nezumi ga

2 [small-animal] [gen.] mouse [nom.]

tobikoeru tokoro desu.

jump over take place.

Double accusative case violation

Ichi wa no hato o

1 [bird] [gen.] pigeon [acc.]

ni hiki no neko o

2 [small-animal] [gen.] cat [acc.]

tobikoeru tokoro desu.

jump over take