Figure 3

The grand-averaged latency of the left- and right-hemispheric N1m for the vowels /a/ and /u/ with three different types of phonation (periodic, aperiodic & tonal). In both hemispheres, the N1m for the vowel /a/ was elicited, on the average, 10 ms earlier than that for /u/. The latency behavior of the N1m was asymmetric across the two hemispheres: In the right hemisphere, N1m latency was determined by articulation (vowel category), whereas the latency of the left-hemispheric N1m depends on both phonation and articulation. Notably, in the left hemisphere, there were no significant latency differences between the N1m responses elicited by the periodic vowels /a/ _per and /u/ _per . Bars indicate standard error of the mean.