Seasonal aspects of sleep in the Djungarian hamster

BMC Neuroscience

Table 1 Seasonal differences in the vigilance states.

	Hamsters in winter physiological state			Hamsters in summer physiological state
	8-h L	16-h D	24 h	8-h L	16-h D	24 h
Waking	23.15 ± 0.94* °	27.43 ± 0.59°	624.03 ± 8.03	19.45 ± 0.90**	30.29 ± 0.81	640.16 ± 15.01
NREM sleep	31.30 ± 0.90	29.17 ± 0.57°	702.13 ± 9.99	33.69 ± 0.93**	27.21 ± 0.48	685.50 ± 14.80
REM sleep	5.70 ± 0.33* °	5.00 ± 0.18° °	113.35 ± 4.58	6.93 ± 0.31**	4.35 ± 0.11	114.34 ± 2.89

Mean values ± SEM in min/h in the light (L) and dark (D) period (LD 8:16 h) and 24-h values (minutes) for hamsters in winter physiological state (n = 10) and summer physiological state (n = 11). Differences between the corresponding periods in winter vs. summer: °p < 0.05, ° °p < 0.005, two-tailed unpaired t-test. For n = 6, p < 0.05 for REM sleep in the light and dark period and waking in the light period; Differences L vs. D: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.0001, two-tailed paired t-test. For n = 6, L vs. D in summer, p < 0.001 for all vigilance states, two-tailed paired t-test.

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