Figure 4

Morphological changes of tissue in different models of brain ischemia. The stained sections were examined by independent examiner with a light microscope without the examiner knowing the experimental protocol. Analysis revealed that there are little or none histological changes in the study groups: normal control (Control), animals subjected to the unilateral (UCO), bilateral ligation (BCO) or bilateral ligation of the carotid arteries and controlled hypotension (BCOH). TUNEL assay showed no signs of apoptosis and DNA fragmentation in either of the experimental groups, confirming that many of the cells remain completely intact during short periods of ischemia at least before the reperfusion injury occurs.