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Table 2 Immunohistochemistry results for VEGF and HIF-1α expression level

From: Investigation of the mechanism of dural arteriovenous fistula formation induced by high intracranial venous pressure in a rabbit model

 

Groups

P-value

Control (n = 6)

1-week (n = 6)

2-weeks (n = 6)

3-weeks (n = 6)

90-days (n = 6)

 

VEGF expression level in occipital cortex*

-

1

0

0

1

1

<0.001

±

5

0

0

5

5

+

0

6

1

0

0

++

0

0

5

0

0

VEGF expression level in vessels in pia mater*

-

2

0

0

1

2

<0.001

±

4

0

0

5

4

+

0

6

2

0

0

++

0

0

4

0

0

VEGF expression level in superior sagittal sinus†

-

1

0

0

0

1

0.004

±

5

4

0

2

0

+

0

2

6

4

5

++

0

0

0

0

0

VEGF expression level in vessels in dura mater

-

1

0

0

0

1

0.002

±

5

5

1

1

0

+

0

1

5

5

5

++

0

0

0

0

0

HIF-1α expression level in cortex of occipital lobe‡

-

2

0

0

1

0

<0.001

±

4

0

1

5

6

+

0

0

5

0

0

++

0

2

0

0

0

+++

0

4

0

0

0

HIF-1α expression level in vessels in pia mater‡

-

0

0

0

2

1

<0.001

±

6

0

1

4

5

+

0

0

5

0

0

++

0

1

0

0

0

+++

0

5

0

0

0

HIF-1α expression level in superior sagittal sinus‡

-

2

0

0

0

1

<0.001

±

4

0

1

1

5

+

0

0

5

5

0

++

0

2

0

0

0

+++

0

4

0

0

0

HIF-1α expression level in dura mater‡

-

2

0

0

0

1

<0.001

±

4

0

1

2

5

+

0

0

5

4

0

++

0

2

0

0

0

+++

0

4

0

0

0

  1. *Higher expression levels were observed in the 1 week and 2 weeks groups compared to control group, 3 weeks, and 90 days groups. The percentage was expressed as stained “positive” cell divided by the total number of cells under the same magnifications (i.e., 100× or 200×) of the same visual areas. The criteria used to assign the numerical values to expression levels were the following: - = 0%, + = >0%-25%, ++ = 26%-50%, +++ = 51%-75%, ++++ = >75%. †Higher expression level was observed in the 2 weeks group compared to control group. ‡Higher expression levels were observed in the one week group compared to control group, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 90 days groups.