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Figure 2 | BMC Neuroscience

Figure 2

From: Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract inhibits glutamate-induced cell death through inhibition of calcium signals and nitric oxide formation in cultured rat hippocampal neurons

Figure 2

GSPE inhibits AMPA-induced [Ca2+] i increase in the absence (A) or presence (B) of nimodipine. A1: Reproducible AMPA-induced [Ca2+]i increase was induced by treatment with 10 μM (S)-AMPA for 1 min at 10 min intervals. A2: Pretreatment with GSPE (6 μg/ml) for 5 min decreased the AMPA-induced response. A3: The graph summarizes the effect of GSPE on AMPA-induced response (control, n = 20; GSPE, n = 23). B1: Pretreatment with 1 μM nimodipine for 5 min inhibited AMPA-induced [Ca2+]i response. B2: Pretreatment with GSPE (6 μg/ml) for 5 min further decreased AMPA-induced response in the presence of 1 μM nimodipine. B3: The graph summarizes the effect of GSPE on AMPA-induced response in the presence of nimodipine (control, n = 11; GSPE, n = 9). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 relative to the respective control (unpaired Student's t-test).

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BMC Neuroscience

ISSN: 1471-2202

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