Figure 2

Glutamatergic effects on feeding and drinking behaviors of euthermic and hibernating hamsters. Glutamatergic-dependent activities were induced by locally administering most effective concentrations of NMDA (CPP; 7.93 nM, grey and white squares) and AMPA antagonists (CNQX; 36.2 nM, black and dotted squares) into BLA of both euthermic (grey and black squares) and hibernating (white and dotted squares) adult Syrian golden hamsters (n = 16) with respect to NMDAR and AMPAR controls (n = 8) using stereotaxic methods. Total feeding (g) and drinking volume (ml) percentages (mean ± s.e.m.) were calculated with respect to controls that only received a saline solution. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls post-hoc test when a p-value ≤ 0.05. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. Comparisons were handled on both the two physiological states and treatment groups that are numerically indicated above histograms.