Skip to main content
Figure 1 | BMC Neuroscience

Figure 1

From: Levetiracetam attenuates hippocampal expression of synaptic plasticity-related immediate early and late response genes in amygdala-kindled rats

Figure 1

Anti-epileptic effects of levetiracetam in the amygadala-kindled rat. A. Seizure severity of amygdala-kindled rats on the final day of stimulation. B. After discharge duration of amygdala-kindled rats on the final day of stimulation. Animals in vehicle group (n = 17) and levetiracetam group (n = 17) were administred 0.9% NaCl solution or 40 mg/kg levetiracetam, respectively. Data is presented by mean values ± SEM. Asterisks indicate a significant difference in mean values between vehicle and levetiracetam groups. (p < 0.05, *; p < 0.01, **; Mann-Whitney test). C. Seizure severity of stage 3 rats (n = 7), stage 5 rats (n = 5) and fully kindled rats (n = 5) on the final day of stimulation. D. After discharge duration of stage 3 rats (n = 7), stage 5 rats (n = 5) and fully kindled rats (n = 5) on the final day of stimulation. 2-way ANOVA was performed with respect to kindling effect and levetiracetam effect. The F-statistics and p-values for the kindling effect (black square) and levetiracetam effect (black circle) in each ANOVA are indicated in the figure.

Back to article page

BMC Neuroscience

ISSN: 1471-2202

Contact us